A total of 1,575 studies were identified, and after screening the abstracts and titles, 122 relevant full-text articles underwent further evaluation. Out of these, 78 articles were excluded due to the absence of required outcomes, and 13 studies were excluded due to low quality. Ultimately, 31 RCTs,19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 involving 2,922 women with stress urinary incontinence (SUI), met the eligibility criteria and were included in