Gore PG, Kingston A, Johnson GR, Kirkwood TBL, Jagger C. New horizons in the compression of functional decline. Age Ageing 2018;47:764–768. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy145.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braes T, Flamaing J, Sterckx W et al. Predicting the risk of functional decline in older patients admitted to the hospital: a comparison of three screening instruments. Age Ageing 2009;38:600–603. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp097.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peron EP, Gray SL, Hanlon JT. Medication use and functional status decline in older adults: a narrative review. Am J Geriatr Pharmacother 2011;9:378–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjopharm.2011.10.002.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Beaton K, Grimmer K. Tools that assess functional decline: systematic literature review update. Clin Interv Aging 2013:485. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S42528.

Kahraman T, çekok FK, üğǼt BO, Keskinoğlu P, Genç A. One-Year Change in the Physical Functioning of Older People According to the International Classification of Functioning Domains. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2021;44:E9–E17. doi:https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000234.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stathi A, Greaves CJ, Thompson JL et al. Effect of a physical activity and behaviour maintenance programme on functional mobility decline in older adults: the REACT (Retirement in Action) randomised controlled trial. Lancet Public Health 2022;7:e316–e326. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(22)00004-4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guralnik JM, Branch LG, Cummings SR, Curb JD. Physical performance measures in aging research. J Gerontol 1989;44:M141. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/44.5.M141.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Izquierdo M, Merchant RA, Morley JE et al. International Exercise Recommendations in Older Adults (ICFSR): Expert Consensus Guidelines. J Nutr Health Aging 2021;25:824–853. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-021-1665-8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unger JB, Johnson CA, Marks G. Functional decline in the elderly: evidence for direct and stress-buffering protective effects of social interactions and physical activity. Ann Behav Med 1997;19:152–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02883332.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L, Simonsick EM, Salive ME, Wallace RB. Lower-extremity function in persons over the age of 70 years as a predictor of subsequent disability. N Engl J Med 1995;332:556–61. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199503023320902.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Luo Y, Su B, Zheng X et al. Trends and Challenges for Population and Health During Population Aging — China, 2015–2050. China CDC Weekly 2021;3:593–598. doi:https://doi.org/10.46234/ccdcw2021.158.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lavie CJ, Arena R, Swift DL et al. Exercise and the Cardiovascular System. Circ Res 2015;117:207–219. doi:https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.117.305205.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Villareal DT, Aguirre L, Gurney AB et al. Aerobic or Resistance Exercise, or Both, in Dieting Obese Older Adults. N Engl J Med 2017;376:1943–1955. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1616338.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Karssemeijer E, Aaronson JA, Bossers WJ, Smits T, Olde RM, Kessels R. Positive effects of combined cognitive and physical exercise training on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment or dementia: A meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2017;40:75–83. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2017.09.003.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Angulo J, El AM, Alvarez-Bustos A, Rodriguez-Manas L. Physical activity and exercise: Strategies to manage frailty. Redox Biol 2020;35:101513. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101513.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ortega FB, Mora-Gonzalez J, Cadenas-Sanchez C et al. Effects of an Exercise Program on Brain Health Outcomes for Children With Overweight or Obesity: The ActiveBrains Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022;5:e2227893. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.27893.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cadore EL, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Sinclair A, Izquierdo M. Effects of Different Exercise Interventions on Risk of Falls, Gait Ability, and Balance in Physically Frail Older Adults: A Systematic Review. Rejuvenation Res 2013;16:105–114. doi:https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2012.1397.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Casas Herrero Á, Sáez De Asteasu ML, Antón Rodrigo I et al. Effects of Vivifrail multicomponent intervention on functional capacity: a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022;13:884–893. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12925.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tarazona-Santabalbina FJ, Gómez-Cabrera MC, Pérez-Ros P et al. A Multicomponent Exercise Intervention that Reverses Frailty and Improves Cognition, Emotion, and Social Networking in the Community-Dwelling Frail Elderly: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2016;17:426–433. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.01.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buto MSS, Fiogbé E, Vassimon Barroso V et al. Pre-Frail Multicomponent Training Intervention project for complexity of biological signals, functional capacity and cognition improvement in pre-frail older adults: A blinded randomized controlled study protocol. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2019;19:684–689. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/ggi.13672.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fang EF, Xie C, Schenkel JA et al. A research agenda for ageing in China in the 21st century (2nd edition): Focusing on basic and translational research, long-term care, policy and social networks. Ageing Res Rev 2020;64:101174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2020.101174.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bull FC, Al-Ansari SS, Biddle S et al. World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Br J Sports Med 2020;54:1451–1462. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casas-Herrero A, Anton-Rodrigo I, Zambom-Ferraresi F et al. Effect of a multicomponent exercise programme (VIVIFRAIL) on functional capacity in frail community elders with cognitive decline: study protocol for a randomized multicentre control trial. Trials 2019;20:362–374. doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3426-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Martínez-Velilla N, Casas-Herrero A, Zambom-Ferraresi F et al. Effect of Exercise Intervention on Functional Decline in Very Elderly Patients During Acute Hospitalization. Jama Intern Med 2019;179:28–36. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4869.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reijnierse EM, de Jong N, Trappenburg MC et al. Assessment of maximal handgrip strength: how many attempts are needed? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017;8:466–474. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jcsm.12181.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mahoney FI, Barthel DW. Functional evaluation: the Barthel Index. Md State Med J 1965;14:56–61.

Google Scholar 

Katz S. Assessing Self-maintenance: Activities of Daily Living, Mobility, and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living. J Am Geriatr Soc 1983;31:721–727. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jakobsson U. Using the 12-item Short Form health survey (SF-12) to measure quality of life among older people. Aging Clin Exp Res 2007;19:457–464. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324731.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Ath P, Katona P, Mullan E, Evans S, Katona C. Screening, Detection and Management of Depression in Elderly Primary Care Attenders. I: The Acceptability and Performance of the 15 Item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS15) and the Development of Short Versions. Fam Pract 1994;11:260–266. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/11.3.260.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salva A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice: developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNASF). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2001;56:M366–72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.6.m366.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raîche M, Hébert R, Prince F, Corriveau H. Screening older adults at risk of falling with the Tinetti balance scale. Lancet 2000;356:1001–1002. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02695-7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS, Folstein MF. Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level. JAMA 1993;269:2386–91. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03500180078038.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Magaziner J, Mangione KK, Orwig D et al. Effect of a Multicomponent Home-Based Physical Therapy Intervention on Ambulation After Hip Fracture in Older Adults. JAMA 2019;322:946–956. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.12964.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dun Y, Hu P, Ripley-Gonzalez JW et al. Effectiveness of a multicomponent exercise program to reverse pre-frailty in community-dwelling Chinese older adults: a randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2022;51:afac026. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac026.

Article  PubMed