∗Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

†Department of Neurologic Surgery

‡Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

§Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida

∥Michigan Ear Institute, Farmington Hills, Michigan

¶Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

∗∗Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

††Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

‡‡Department of Otolaryngology, Head, Neck and Skull Base Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia

§§Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland

∥∥Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida

¶¶Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina

∗∗∗Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark

†††Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine of Mount Sinai, New York, New York

‡‡‡Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona

§§§Division of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

∥∥∥Department of Otolaryngology, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah

¶¶¶Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa

∗∗∗∗Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

††††Department of Neurosurgery, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

‡‡‡‡Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California

§§§§Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Manchester, UK

∥∥∥∥Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois

¶¶¶¶Department of Otolaryngology, IdiPAZ Institute for Health Research, La Paz University Hospital; Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER-U761), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain

∗∗∗∗∗Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK

†††††Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway

‡‡‡‡‡Department of Neurosurgery, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

§§§§§Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York

∥∥∥∥∥Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado

¶¶¶¶¶Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana

∗∗∗∗∗∗Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

††††††Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York

‡‡‡‡‡‡Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas

§§§§§§Neurosurgical Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotechnology, Eberhard Karls University, Tuebingen, Germany

∥∥∥∥∥∥Houston Methodist ENT Specialists, Houston, Texas

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Matthew L. Carlson, MD, Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; E-mail: [email protected]

The authors disclose no conflicts of interest.

There was no commercial sponsorship or support used.

Institutional review board approval: Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board Protocol 23-006485

Statement of originality: This material has not been previously published and is not currently under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Supplemental digital content is available in the text.