Chao H, Hu Y, Zhao L, Xin S, Ni Q, Zhang P, et al. Biogenesis, Functions, Interactions, and Resources of Non-Coding RNAs in Plants. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:3695.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang LH, Wu CF, Rajasekaran N, Shin YK. Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Function in Human Cancer: An Overview. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2018;51:2647–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu J, Wu T, Zhang B, Liu S, Song W, Qiao J, et al. Types of nuclear localization signals and mechanisms of protein import into the nucleus. Cell Commun Signal. 2021;19:60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yu F, Yu C, Li F, Zuo Y, Wang Y, Yao L, et al. Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in cancers and targeted therapies. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2021;6:307.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang N, Wei P, Gong A, Chiu WT, Lee HT, Colman H, et al. FoxM1 promotes beta-catenin nuclear localization and controls Wnt target-gene expression and glioma tumorigenesis. Cancer Cell. 2011;20:427–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Witwer KW, Thery C. Extracellular vesicles or exosomes? On primacy, precision, and popularity influencing a choice of nomenclature. J Extracell Vesic. 2019;8:1648167.

Article  Google Scholar 

Oshchepkova A, Zenkova M, Vlassov V. Extracellular Vesicles for Therapeutic Nucleic Acid Delivery: Loading Strategies and Challenges. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:7287.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hanahan D. Hallmarks of Cancer: New Dimensions. Cancer Discov. 2022;12:31–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Huang J, Chen W, Li G, Li Z, Lei J. The updated role of exosomal proteins in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of cancer. Exp Mol Med. 2022;54:1390–400.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meldolesi J. Exosomes and Ectosomes in Intercellular Communication. Curr Biol. 2018;28:R435–R44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Micallef J, Lhotak V, May L, Guha A, et al. Intercellular transfer of the oncogenic receptor EGFRvIII by microvesicles derived from tumour cells. Nat Cell Biol. 2008;10:619–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Nedawi K, Meehan B, Kerbel RS, Allison AC, Rak J. Endothelial expression of autocrine VEGF upon the uptake of tumor-derived microvesicles containing oncogenic EGFR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009;106:3794–9.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Skog J, Wurdinger T, van Rijn S, Meijer DH, Gainche L, Sena-Esteves M, et al. Glioblastoma microvesicles transport RNA and proteins that promote tumour growth and provide diagnostic biomarkers. Nat Cell Biol. 2008;10:1470–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Morana O, Wood W, Gregory CD. The Apoptosis Paradox in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23:1328.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wen J, Creaven D, Luan X, Wang J. Comparison of immunotherapy mediated by apoptotic bodies, microvesicles and exosomes: apoptotic bodies’ unique anti-inflammatory potential. J Transl Med. 2023;21:478.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ogami K, Chen Y, Manley JL. RNA surveillance by the nuclear RNA exosome: mechanisms and significance. Noncoding RNA. 2018;4:8.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kilchert C, Wittmann S, Vasiljeva L. The regulation and functions of the nuclear RNA exosome complex. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2016;17:227–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morton DJ, Kuiper EG, Jones SK, Leung SW, Corbett AH, Fasken MB. The RNA exosome and RNA exosome-linked disease. RNA. 2018;24:127–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang Q, Jeppesen DK, Higginbotham JN, Graves-Deal R, Trinh VQ, Ramirez MA, et al. Supermeres are functional extracellular nanoparticles replete with disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Nat Cell Biol. 2021;23:1240–54.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Anand S, Samuel M, Mathivanan S. Exomeres: A New Member of Extracellular Vesicles Family. Subcell Biochem. 2021;97:89–97.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yan H, Bu P. Non-coding RNA in cancer. Essays Biochem. 2021;65:625–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Santini T, Martone J, Ballarino M. Visualization of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic Long Noncoding RNAs at Single-Cell Level by RNA-FISH. Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2157:251–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu Y, Li P, Zhang Z, Wu M. Insights Into Exosomal Non-Coding RNAs Sorting Mechanism and Clinical Application. Front Oncol. 2021;11:664904.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

O’Brien J, Hayder H, Zayed Y, Peng C. Overview of MicroRNA Biogenesis, Mechanisms of Actions, and Circulation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:402.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Han J, Lee Y, Yeom KH, Kim YK, Jin H, Kim VN. The Drosha-DGCR8 complex in primary microRNA processing. Genes Dev. 2004;18:3016–27.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zheng D, Huo M, Li B, Wang W, Piao H, Wang Y, et al. The Role of Exosomes and Exosomal MicroRNA in Cardiovascular Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020;8:616161.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li C, Zhou T, Chen J, Li R, Chen H, Luo S, et al. The role of Exosomal miRNAs in cancer. J Transl Med. 2022;20:6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rhim J, Baek W, Seo Y, Kim JH. From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics: Understanding MicroRNA-21 in Cancer. Cells. 2022;11:2791.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meng F, Henson R, Wehbe-Janek H, Ghoshal K, Jacob ST, Patel T. MicroRNA-21 regulates expression of the PTEN tumor suppressor gene in human hepatocellular cancer. Gastroenterology. 2007;133:647–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang YH, Lin YH, Chi HC, Liao CH, Liao CJ, Wu SM, et al. Thyroid hormone regulation of miR-21 enhances migration and invasion of hepatoma. Cancer Res. 2013;73:2505–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suehiro T, Miyaaki H, Kanda Y, Shibata H, Honda T, Ozawa E, et al. Serum exosomal microRNA-122 and microRNA-21 as predictive biomarkers in transarterial chemoembolization-treated hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncol Lett. 2018;16:3267–73.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao LQ, Yang XW, Chen YB, Zhang DW, Jiang XF, Xue P. Exosomal miR-21 regulates the TETs/PTENp1/PTEN pathway to promote hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Mol Cancer. 2019;18:148.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma Y, Qin C, Li L, Miao R, Jing C, Cui X. MicroRNA-21 promotes cell proliferation by targeting tumor suppressor TET1 in colorectal cancer. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2018;11:1439–45.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jiang LH, Ge MH, Hou XX, Cao J, Hu SS, Lu XX, et al. miR-21 regulates tumor progression through the miR-21-PDCD4-Stat3 pathway in human salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma. Lab Investig. 2015;95:1398–408.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Xin S, He Z, Che X, Wang J, Xiao X, et al. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor PDCD4 and promotes cell transformation, proliferation, and metastasis in renal cell carcinoma. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2014;33:1631–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asangani IA, Rasheed SA, Nikolova DA, Leupold JH, Colburn NH, Post S, et al. MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) post-transcriptionally downregulates tumor suppressor Pdcd4 and stimulates invasion, intravasation and metastasis in colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 2008;27:2128–36.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar