Yao R, Lecomte R, Crawford ES (2012) Small-animal PET: what is it, and why do we need it? J Nucl Med Technol 40(3):157–165

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Miyaoka RS, Lehnert AL (2020) Small animal PET: a review of what we have done and where we are going. Phys Med Biol 65(24):24TR04

Article  Google Scholar 

Piron S, Verhoeven J, Courtyn J, Kersemans K, Descamps B, Pieters L, Vral A, Vanhove C, De Vos F (2022) Preclinical comparative study of [18F]AlF-PSMA-11 and [18F]PSMA-1007 in varying PSMA expressing tumors. Sci Rep 12(1):15744

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lee IK, Noguera-Ortega E, Xiao Z, Todd L, Scholler J, Song D, Liousia M, Lohith K, Xu K, Edwards KJ, Farwell MD, June CH, Albelda SM, Puré E, Sellmyer MA (2022) Monitoring therapeutic response to anti-FAP CAR T cells using [18F]AlF-FAPI-74. Clin Cancer Res 28(24):5330–5342

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lau J, Rousseau E, Kwon D, Lin KS, Bénard F, Chen X (2020) Insight into the development of PET radiopharmaceuticals for oncology. Cancers (Basel) 12(5):1312

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hume SP, Jones T (1998) Positron emission tomography (PET) methodology for small animals and its application in radiopharmaceutical preclinical investigation. Nucl Med Biol 25(8):729–732

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vanhove C, Bankstahl JP, Krämer SD, Visser E, Belcari N, Vandenberghe S (2015) Accurate molecular imaging of small animals taking into account animal models, handling, anaesthesia, quality control and imaging system performance. EJNMMI Phys 2(1):31. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-015-0135-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Molinos C, Sasser T, Salmon P, Gsell W, Viertl D, Massey JC, Mińczuk K, Li J, Kundu BK, Berr S, Correcher C, Bahadur A, Attarwala AA, Stark S, Junge S, Himmelreich U, Prior JO, Laperre K, Van Wyk S, Heidenreich M (2019) Low-dose imaging in a new preclinical total-body PET/CT scanner. Front Med (Lausanne) 6:88

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McDougald WA, Collins R, Green M, Tavares AAS (2017) High dose microCT does not contribute toward improved microPET/CT image quantitative accuracy and can limit longitudinal scanning of small animals. Front Phys 5:50. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2017.00050

Article  Google Scholar 

Taschereau R, Chatziioannou AF (2007) Monte Carlo simulations of absorbed dose in a mouse phantom from 18-fluorine compounds. Med Phys 34(3):1026–1036

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Decuyper M, Maebe J, Van Holen R, Vandenberghe S (2021) Artificial intelligence with deep learning in nuclear medicine and radiology. EJNMMI Phys 8(1):81

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu H, Wu J, Lu W, Onofrey JA, Liu YH, Liu C (2020) Noise reduction with cross-tracer and cross-protocol deep transfer learning for low-dose PET. Phys Med Biol 65(18):185006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xue S, Guo R, Bohn KP, Matzke J, Viscione M, Alberts I, Meng H, Sun C, Zhang M, Zhang M, Sznitman R, El Fakhri G, Rominger A, Li B, Shi K (2022) A cross-scanner and cross-tracer deep learning method for the recovery of standard-dose imaging quality from low-dose PET. EJNMMI 49(6):1843–1856

Google Scholar 

Kaplan S, Zhu YM (2019) Full-dose PET image estimation from low-dose PET image using deep learning: a pilot study. J Digit Imaging 32(5):773–778

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lu W, Onofrey JA, Lu Y, Shi L, Ma T, Liu Y, Liu C (2019) An investigation of quantitative accuracy for deep learning based denoising in oncological PET. Phys Med Biol 64(16):165019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dutta K, Liu Z, Laforest R, Jha A, Shoghi KI (2022) Deep learning framework to synthesize high-count preclinical PET images from low-count preclinical PET images. Medical Imaging 2022: Physics of Medical Imaging, vol 12031. SPIE, pp 351–360

Google Scholar 

Amirrashedi M, Sarkar S, Mamizadeh H, Ghadiri H, Ghafarian P, Zaidi H, Ay MR (2021) Leveraging deep neural networks to improve numerical and perceptual image quality in low-dose preclinical PET imaging. Comput Med Imaging Graph 94:102010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Krishnamoorthy S, Blankemeyer E, Mollet P, Surti S, Van Holen R, Karp JS (2018) Performance evaluation of the MOLECUBES β-CUBE-a high spatial resolution and high sensitivity small animal PET scanner utilizing monolithic LYSO scintillation detectors. Phys Med Biol 63(15):155013

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ronneberger O, Fischer P, Brox T (2015) U-net: Convolutional networks for biomedical image segmentation. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention–MICCAI 2015: 18th International Conference, Munich, Germany, October 5-9, 2015, Proceedings, Part III 18. Springer International Publishing, pp 234–241

Google Scholar 

Nair V, Hinton GE (2010) Rectified linear units improve restricted Boltzmann machines. Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-10). pp 807–814

Google Scholar 

Kingma DP, Ba J (2014) Adam: A method for stochastic optimization. arXiv preprint arXiv:1412.698

National Electrical Manufacturers Association (2008) Performance measurements of small animal positron emission tomographs (PETs). NEMA Standards Publication, NU4-2008. 1-23

Gavriilidis P, Koole M, Annunziata S, Mottaghy FM, Wierts R (2022) Positron range corrections and denoising techniques for gallium-68 PET imaging: a literature review. Diagnostics 12(10):2335

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Muller FM, Maebe J, Vanhove C, Vandenberghe S (2023) Dose reduction and image enhancement in micro-CT using deep learning. Med Phys 50:5643

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Teuho J, Riehakainen L, Honkaniemi A, Moisio O, Han C, Tirri M, Liu S, Grönroos TJ, Liu J, Wan L, Liang X, Ling Y, Hua Y, Roivainen A, Knuuti J, Xie Q, Teräs M, D’Ascenzo N, Klén R (2020) Evaluation of image quality with four positron emitters and three preclinical PET/CT systems. EJNMMI Res 10(1):155

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar