*Department of Economics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS

†Section of Endocrinology within the School of Medicine, West Virginia University

‡Department of Economics, John Chambers College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV

The West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources provided data for this study and was provided with a draft of this manuscript before publication. However, they had no role in the design of this study. D.G. reports serving as a consultant on a separate project funded by the West Virginia Department of Health and Human Resources. A.G. and J.G. declare no conflict of interest.

Correspondence to: Daniel S. Grossman, PhD, Department of Economics, John Chambers College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University, 83 Beechurst Avenue, Morgantown 26506-6025, WV. E-mail: [email protected].

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