Shaffer F, Ginsberg JP. An overview of heart rate variability metrics and norms. Front Public Health. 2017;5:258.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hayano J, Ueda N, Kisohara M, Yuda E, Carney RM, Blumenthal JA. Survival predictors of heart rate variability after myocardial infarction with and without low left ventricular ejection fraction. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:610955.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zuanetti G, Neilson JM, Latini R, Santoro E, Maggioni AP, Ewing DJ. Prognostic significance of heart rate variability in post-myocardial infarction patients in the fibrinolytic era. The GISSI-2 results. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’ Infarto Miocardico. Circulation. 1996;94:432–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bodenes L, N’Guyen QT, Le Mao R, Ferrière N, Pateau V, Lellouche F, et al. Early heart rate variability evaluation enables to predict ICU patients’ outcome. Sci Rep. 2022;12:2498.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Morris JA, Norris PR. Role of reduced heart rate volatility in predicting death in trauma patients. Adv Surg. 2005;39:77–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pontet J, Contreras P, Curbelo A, Medina J, Noveri S, Bentancourt S, et al. Heart rate variability as early marker of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in septic patients. J Crit Care. 2003;18:156–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Camm AJ, Malik M, Bigger JT, Breithardt G, Cerutti S, Cohen RJ, et al. Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use. Circulation. 1996;93:1043–65.

Kamath MV, Fallen EL. Power spectral analysis of heart rate variability: a noninvasive signature of cardiac autonomic function. Crit Rev Biomed Eng. 1993;21:245–311.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ori Z, Monir G, Weiss J, Sayhouni X, Singer DH. Heart rate variability. Frequency domain analysis. Cardiol Clin. 1992;10:499–537.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kember GC, Fenton GA, Armour JA, Kalyaniwalla N. Competition model for aperiodic stochastic resonance in a Fitzhugh-Nagumo model of cardiac sensory neurons. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2001;63:041911.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shaffer F, McCraty R, Zerr CL. A healthy heart is not a metronome: an integrative review of the heart’s anatomy and heart rate variability. Front Psychol. 2014;5:1040.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Biering-Sorensen F, Biering-Sorensen T, Liu N, Malmqvist L, Wecht JM, Krassioukov A. Alterations in cardiac autonomic control in spinal cord injury. Autonomic Neurosci-Basic Clin. 2018;209:4–18.

Article  Google Scholar 

Grigorean VT, Sandu AM, Popescu M, Iacobini MA, Stoian R, Neascu C, et al. Cardiac dysfunctions following spinal cord injury. J Med Life. 2009;2:133–45.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Myers J, Lee M, Kiratli J. Cardiovascular disease in spinal cord injury - An overview of prevalence, risk, evaluation, and management. Am J Phys Med Rehabilit. 2007;86:142–52.

Article  Google Scholar 

Serra-Ano P, Montesinos LL, Morales J, Lopez-Bueno L, Gomis M, Garcia-Masso X, et al. Heart rate variability in individuals with thoracic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2015;53:59–63.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kyriakides A, Poulikakos D, Galata A, Konstantinou D, Panagiotopoulos E, Chroni E. The effect of level of injury and physical activity on heart rate variability following spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2019;42:212–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues D, Tran Y, Guest R, Middleton J, Craig A. Influence of neurological lesion level on heart rate variability and fatigue in adults with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord. 2016;54:292–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Maestri R, Raczak G, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz L, Torunski A, Sukiennik A, Kubica J, et al. Reliability of heart rate variability measurements in patients with a history of myocardial infarction. Clin Sci. 2010;118:195–201.

Article  Google Scholar 

Guijt AM, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MHW. Test-retest reliability of heart rate variability and respiration rate at rest and during light physical activity in normal subjects. Arch Med Res. 2007;38:113–20.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pardo Y, Merz CN, Paul-Labrador M, Velasquez I, Gottdiener JS, Kop WJ, et al. Heart rate variability reproducibility and stability using commercially available equipment in coronary artery disease with daily life myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:866–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartlett JW, Frost C. Reliability, repeatability and reproducibility: analysis of measurement errors in continuous variables. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;31:466–75.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ditor DS, Kamath MV, MacDonald MJ, Bugaresti J, McCartney N, Hicks AL. Reproducibility of heart rate variability and blood pressure variability in individuals with spinal cord injury. Clin Autonomic Res. 2005;15:387–93.

Article  Google Scholar 

La Fountaine MF, Wecht JM, Spungen AM, Bauman WA. Intra-inter visit reproducibility of short-term linear and nonlinear measurement of heart rate variability in tetraplegia and neurologically intact controls. Physiological Meas. 2010;31:363–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Stewart J, Stewart P, Walker T, Gullapudi L, Eldehni MT, Selby NM, et al. Application of the Lomb-Scargle periodogram to investigate heart rate variability during haemodialysis. J Health Eng. 2020;2020:8862074.

Article  Google Scholar 

Andresen E. Criteria for assessing the tools of disability outcomes research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2000;81:S15–S20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bland JM, Altman DG. Measurement error proportional to the mean. BMJ. 1996;313:106.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1:307–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Euser AM, Dekker FW, le Cessie S. A practical approach to Bland-Altman plots and variation coefficients for log transformed variables. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61:978–82.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hohnloser SH, Klingenheben T, Zabel M, Schröder F, Just H. Intraindividual reproducibility of heart rate variability. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15:2211–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klingenheben T, Zabel M, Just H, Hohnloser SH. [Reproducibility of heart rate variability measurements in repeated 24-h long-term ECG registration]. Z Kardiol. 1993;82:302–8.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gerin W, Rosofsky M, Pieper C, Pickering TG. A test of reproducibility of blood pressure and heart rate variability using a controlled ambulatory procedure. J Hypertens. 1993;11:1127–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Atkinson G, Nevill AM. Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med. 1998;26:217–38.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pinna GD, Maestri R, Torunski A, Danilowicz-Szymanowicz L, Szwoch M, La Rovere MT, et al. Heart rate variability measures: a fresh look at reliability. Clin Sci. 2007;113:131–40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Salo TM, Voipio-Pulkki LM, Jalonen JO, Helenius H, Viikari JS, Kantola I. Reproducibility of abnormal heart rate variability indices: the case of hypertensive sleep apnoea syndrome. Clin Physiol. 1999;19:258–68.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sinnreich R, Kark JD, Friedlander Y, Sapoznikov D, Luria MH. Five minute recordings of heart rate variability for population studies: repeatability and age-sex characteristics. Heart. 1998;80:156–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lord SW, Senior RR, Das M, Whittam AM, Murray A, McComb JM. Low-frequency heart rate variability: reproducibility in cardiac transplant recipients and normal subjects. Clin Sci. 2001;100:43–6.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bauman CA, Milligan JD, Lee FJ, Riva JJ. Autonomic dysreflexia in spinal cord injury patients: an overview. J Can Chiropr Assoc. 2012;56:247–50.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Billman GE. Heart rate variability - a historical perspective. Front Physiol. 2011;2:86.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fatisson J, Oswald V, Lalonde F. Influence diagram of physiological and environmental factors affecting heart rate variability: an extended literature overview. Heart Int. 2016;11:E32–E40.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Claydon VE, Krassioukov AV. Clinical correlates of frequency analyses of cardiovascular control after spinal cord injury. Am J Physiol-Heart Circulatory Physiol. 2008;294:H668–H78.

Article  CAS