Appendix 1

PubMed:

Search: ((((((((((((dental implants[MeSH Terms]) OR (Implant, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Implants, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant[Text Word])) OR (Dental Prostheses, Surgical[Text Word])) OR (Dental Prosthesis, Surgical[Text Word])) OR (Surgical Dental Prostheses[Text Word])) OR (Surgical Dental Prosthesis[Text Word])) OR (Prostheses, Surgical Dental[Text Word])) OR (Prosthesis, Surgical Dental[Text Word])) OR (((((((((((((Dental Implantation[MeSH Terms]) OR (Dental Implant Therapy[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Therapies[Text Word])) OR (Implant Therapy, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Therapy, Dental Implant[Text Word])) OR (Prosthesis Implantation, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Dental Prosthesis Implantation[Text Word])) OR (Implantation, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Implantation, Dental Prosthesis[Text Word])) OR (Dental Prosthesis Implantations[Text Word])) OR (implant dentistry[Text Word])) OR (endosseal implant[Text Word])) OR (dental implantology[Text Word]))) AND (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Dental Implant-Abutment Design[MeSH Terms]) OR (Dental Implant Abutment Design[Text Word])) OR (Design, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Designs, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Design, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Designs, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant-Abutment Designs[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Abutment Designs[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant-Abutment Interface[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Abutment Interface[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Abutment Interface[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Interface, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Interfaces, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Interface, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Interfaces, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant-Abutment Connection[Text Word])) OR (Connection, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Connections, Dental Implant-Abutment[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Abutment Connection[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant-Abutment Connections[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Connection, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Implant-Abutment Connections, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Morse Taper Dental Implant-Abutment Interface[Text Word])) OR (Morse Taper Dental Implant Abutment Interface[Text Word])) OR (Morse Taper Dental Implant-Abutment Connection[Text Word])) OR (Morse Taper Dental Implant Abutment Connection[Text Word])) OR (Dental Implant Platform Switching[Text Word])) OR (Platform Switching, Dental Implant[Text Word])) OR (fixture-abutment interface[Text Word])) OR (fixture–abutment junction[Text Word])) OR (Implant Abutment Interface (IAI[Text Word]))) OR (Implant-abutment junction[Text Word])) OR (Cone Morse connections[Text Word])) OR (Cone Morse implant-abutment connection[Text Word])) OR (flat-to-flat connections,[Text Word])) OR (tube-in-tube connections[Text Word])) OR (external hexagon[Text Word])) OR (internal hexagon[Text Word])) OR (implant platforms[Text Word])) OR (two pieces dental implants[Text Word])) OR (internal Morse-taper connection[Text Word])) OR (four-groove conical internal connection[Text Word])) OR (internal conical implant systems[Text Word]))) AND (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((dental leakage[MeSH Terms]) OR (Leakages, Dental[Text Word])) OR (Dental Leakages[Text Word])) OR (Leakage, Dental[Text Word])) OR (bacterial microleakage[Text Word])) OR (bacterial reservoir[Text Word])) OR (bacterial contamination[Text Word])) OR (bacterial leakage[Text Word])) OR (Bacterial Colonization[Text Word])) OR (bacterial aggregation[Text Word])) OR (bacterial invasion[Text Word])) OR (bacterial penetration[Text Word])) OR (bacterial infiltrate[Text Word])) OR (Bacterial migration[Text Word])) OR (bacterial microfiltration[Text Word])) OR (microbial microleakage[Text Word])) OR (microbial reservoir[Text Word])) OR (microbial contamination[Text Word])) OR (microbial leakage[Text Word])) OR (microbial Colonization[Text Word])) OR (microbial aggregation[Text Word])) OR (microbial invasion[Text Word])) OR (microbial penetration[Text Word])) OR (microbial infiltrate[Text Word])) OR (microbial migration[Text Word])) OR (microbial microfiltration[Text Word])) OR (microbiologic[Text Word])) OR (Bacterial biofilm accumulation[Text Word])) OR (oral micro-organisms[Text Word])) OR (microleakage[Text Word])) OR (oral microorganisms[Text Word])) OR (Microbiological Sealing[Text Word])) OR (Bacterial sealing[Text Word])) OR (sealant[Text Word])) OR (sealing[Text Word]))

EMBASE:

(('dental implants'/exp OR 'implant, dental':ab,ti OR 'implants, dental':ab,ti OR 'dental implant':ab,ti OR 'dental prostheses, surgical':ab,ti OR 'dental prosthesis, surgical':ab,ti OR 'surgical dental prostheses':ab,ti OR 'surgical dental prosthesis':ab,ti OR 'prostheses, surgical dental':ab,ti OR 'prosthesis, surgical dental':ab,ti OR 'dental anchor':ab,ti OR 'endosseous implant':ab,ti OR 'root canal post':ab,ti OR 'single tooth implant':ab,ti OR 'subperiosteal implant':ab,ti OR 'transgingival implant':ab,ti OR 'transmandibular implant':ab,ti) OR ('dental implantation'/exp OR 'dental implant therapy':ab,ti OR 'dental implant therapies':ab,ti OR 'implant therapy, dental':ab,ti OR 'therapy, dental implant':ab,ti OR 'prosthesis implantation, dental':ab,ti OR 'dental prosthesis implantation':ab,ti OR 'implantation, dental':ab,ti OR 'implantation, dental prosthesis':ab,ti OR 'dental prosthesis implantations':ab,ti OR 'implant dentistry':ab,ti OR 'endosseal implant':ab,ti OR 'dental implantology':ab,ti) OR ('dental implantation'/exp OR 'dental implant therapy':ab,ti OR 'dental implant therapies':ab,ti OR 'implant therapy, dental':ab,ti OR 'therapy, dental implant':ab,ti OR 'prosthesis implantation, dental':ab,ti OR 'dental prosthesis implantation':ab,ti OR 'implantation, dental':ab,ti OR 'implantation, dental prosthesis':ab,ti OR 'dental prosthesis implantations':ab,ti OR 'implant dentistry':ab,ti OR 'endosseal implant':ab,ti OR 'dental implantology':ab,ti)) AND ('dental implant-abutment design'/exp OR 'dental implant abutment design':ab,ti OR 'design, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'designs, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment design, dental':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment designs, dental':ab,ti OR 'dental implant-abutment designs':ab,ti OR 'dental implant abutment designs':ab,ti OR 'dental implant-abutment interface':ab,ti OR 'dental implant abutment interface':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment interface, dental':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment interfaces, dental':ab,ti OR 'interface, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'interfaces, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'dental implant-abutment connection':ab,ti OR 'connection, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'connections, dental implant-abutment':ab,ti OR 'dental implant abutment connection':ab,ti OR 'dental implant-abutment connections':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment connection, dental':ab,ti OR 'implant-abutment connections, dental':ab,ti OR 'morse taper dental implant-abutment interface':ab,ti OR 'morse taper dental implant abutment interface':ab,ti OR 'morse taper dental implant-abutment connection':ab,ti OR 'morse taper dental implant abutment connection':ab,ti OR 'dental implant platform switching':ab,ti OR 'platform switching, dental implant':ab,ti OR 'fixture-abutment interface':ab,ti OR 'fixture–abutment junction':ab,ti OR ('implant abutment interface':ab,ti AND iai:ab,ti) OR 'implant-abutment junction':ab,ti OR 'cone morse connections':ab,ti OR 'cone morse implant-abutment connection':ab,ti OR 'flat-to-flat connections,':ab,ti OR 'external hexagon':ab,ti OR 'implant platforms':ab,ti OR 'tube-in-tube connections':ab,ti OR 'internal hexagon':ab,ti OR 'two pieces dental implants':ab,ti OR 'internal morse-taper connection':ab,ti OR 'four-groove conical internal connection':ab,ti OR 'internal conical implant systems':ab,ti AND ('dental leakage':ab,ti OR 'leakages, dental':ab,ti OR 'dental leakages':ab,ti OR 'leakage, dental':ab,ti OR 'bacterial microleakage':ab,ti OR 'bacterial reservoir':ab,ti OR 'bacterial contamination':ab,ti OR 'bacterial leakage':ab,ti OR 'bacterial colonization':ab,ti OR 'bacterial aggregation':ab,ti OR 'bacterial invasion':ab,ti OR 'bacterial penetration':ab,ti OR 'bacterial infiltrate':ab,ti OR 'bacterial migration':ab,ti OR 'bacterial microfiltration':ab,ti OR 'microbial microleakage':ab,ti OR 'microbial reservoir':ab,ti OR 'microbial contamination':ab,ti OR 'microbial leakage':ab,ti OR 'microbial colonization':ab,ti OR 'microbial aggregation':ab,ti OR 'microbial invasion':ab,ti OR 'microbial penetration':ab,ti OR 'microbial infiltrate':ab,ti OR 'microbial migration':ab,ti OR 'microbial microfiltration':ab,ti OR microbiologic:ab,ti OR 'bacterial biofilm accumulation':ab,ti OR 'oral micro-organisms':ab,ti OR microleakage:ab,ti OR 'oral microorganisms':ab,ti OR 'microbiological sealing':ab,ti OR 'bacterial sealing':ab,ti OR sealant:ab,ti OR sealing:ab,ti)

Web of science:

(((((((((((((ental Implantation (Topic))or Dental Implant Therapy (Topic))or Dental Implant Therapies (Topic)) or Implant Therapy, Dental (Topic)) or Therapy, Dental Implant (Topic)) or Prosthesis Implantation, Dental (Topic)) or Dental Prosthesis Implantation (Topic)) or Implantation, Dental (Topic)) or Implantation, Dental Prosthesis (Topic)) or Dental Prosthesis Implantations (Topic)) or implant dentistry (Topic)) or endosseal implant (Topic)) or dental implantology (Topic)) or ((((((((((((((((((dental implants (Topic)) or Implant, Dental (Topic)) or Implants, Dental (Topic)) or Dental Implant (Topic)) or Dental Prostheses, Surgical (Topic)) or Dental Prosthesis, Surgical (Topic)) or Surgical Dental Prostheses (Topic)) or Surgical Dental Prosthesis (Topic)) or Prostheses, Surgical Dental (Topic)) or Prosthesis, Surgical Dental (Topic)) or dental anchor (Topic)) or dental pin (Topic)) or endosseous implant (Topic)) or root canal post (Topic)) or single tooth implant (Topic)) or subperiosteal implant (Topic)) or transgingival implant (Topic)) or transmandibular implant (Topic)) and (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((Dental Implant-Abutment Design (Topic) and Dental Implant Abutment Design (Topic))or Design, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Designs, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Design, Dental (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Designs, Dental (Topic)) or Dental Implant-Abutment Designs (Topic)) or Dental Implant Abutment Designs (Topic)) or Dental Implant-Abutment Interface (Topic)) or Dental Implant Abutment Interface (Topic)) or Dental Implant Abutment Interface (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Interface, Dental (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Interfaces, Dental (Topic)) or Interface, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Interfaces, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Dental Implant-Abutment Connection (Topic)) or Connection, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Connections, Dental Implant-Abutment (Topic)) or Dental Implant Abutment Connection (Topic)) or Dental Implant-Abutment Connections (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Connection, Dental (Topic)) or Implant-Abutment Connections, Dental (Topic)) or Morse Taper Dental Implant-Abutment Interface (Topic)) or Morse Taper Dental Implant Abutment Interface (Topic)) or Morse Taper Dental Implant-Abutment Connection (Topic)) or Morse Taper Dental Implant Abutment Connection (Topic)) or Dental Implant Platform Switching (Topic)) or Platform Switching, Dental Implant (Topic)) or fixture-abutment interface (Topic)) or fixture–abutment junction (Topic)) or Implant Abutment Interface (IAI) (Topic)) or Implant-abutment junction (Topic)) or Cone Morse connections (Topic)) or Cone Morse implant-abutment connection (Topic)) or flat-to-flat connections, (Topic)) or external hexagon (Topic)) or implant platforms (Topic)) or tube-in-tube connections (Topic)) or internal hexagon (Topic)) or two pieces dental implants (Topic)) or internal Morse-taper connection (Topic)) or four-groove conical internal connection (Topic)) or internal conical implant systems (Topic)) and (((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((dental leakage (Topic)) or Leakages, Dental (Topic)) or Dental Leakages (Topic)) or Leakage, Dental (Topic)) or bacterial microleakage (Topic)) or bacterial reservoir (Topic)) or bacterial contamination (Topic)) or bacterial leakage (Topic)) or Bacterial Colonization (Topic)) or bacterial aggregation (Topic)) or bacterial invasion (Topic)) or bacterial penetration (Topic)) or bacterial infiltrate (Topic)) or Bacterial migration (Topic)) or bacterial microfiltration (Topic)) or microbial microleakage (Topic)) or microbial reservoir (Topic)) or microbial contamination (Topic)) or microbial leakage (Topic)) or microbial Colonization (Topic)) or microbial aggregation (Topic)) or microbial invasion (Topic)) or microbial penetration (Topic)) or microbial infiltrate (Topic)) or microbial migration (Topic)) or microbial microfiltration (Topic)) or microbiologic (Topic)) or Bacterial biofilm accumulation (Topic)) or oral micro-organisms (Topic)) or microleakage (Topic)) or oral microorganisms (Topic)) or Microbiological Sealing (Topic)) or Bacterial sealing (Topic)) or sealant (Topic)) or sealing (Topic))

Appendix 2. The modified Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS) score

Study

A clearly stated aim

Inclusion of consecutive patients

Prospective collection of data

Endpoints appropriate to the aim of the study

Unbiased assessment of the study endpoint:

Follow-up period appropriate to the aim of the study

Loss to follow-up less than 5%

Prospective calculation of the study size

1. Zipprich et al. 2016

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

2. Koutouzis et al. 2016

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

3. Koutouzis et al. 2014

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

4. Koutouzis et al. 2011

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

5. Tripodi et al. 2015

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

6. Ozdiler et al. 2018

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

2

7. do Nascimento et al. 2012

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

8. Wachtel et al. 2019

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

9. Ortega-Martínez et al. 2022

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

10. He et al. 2019

2

2

2

2

0

1

2

0

11. Amjadi et al. 2021

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

12. Pautke et al. 2009

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

13. Li et al. 2019

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

14. Alves et al. 2016

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

15. Scarano et al. 2015

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

16. Larrucea Verdugo et al. 2014

2

2

2

1

0

2

2

0

17. Ellakany et al. 2021

2

2

2

2

0

2

2

0

Study

Addition

An adequate control group

Contemporary groups

Baseline equivalence of groups

Adequate statistical analyses

Total

1. Zipprich et al. 2016

 

2

2

1

2

19

2. Koutouzis et al. 2016

 

2

2

2

2

20

3. Koutouzis et al. 2014

 

2

2

2

2

20

4. Koutouzis et al. 2011

 

2

2

2

2

20

5. Tripodi et al. 2015

 

2

2

1

1

18

6. Ozdiler et al. 2018

 

2

2

2

2

22

7. do Nascimento et al. 2012

 

2

2

2

2

20

8. Wachtel et al. 2019

 

–

–

–

–

12

9. Ortega-Martínez et al. 2022

 

2

2

2

2

20

10. He et al. 2019

 

2

2

2

2

19

11. Amjadi et al. 2021

 

2

2

2

1

19

12. Pautke et al. 2009

 

2

2

2

2

20

13. Li et al. 2019

 

2

2

2

2

20

14. Alves et al. 2016

 

2

2

1

1

18

15. Scarano et al. 2015

 

2

2

1

1

18

16. Larrucea Verdugo et al. 2014

 

2

2

1

2

18

17. Ellakany et al. 2021

 

2

2

2

1

19

Appendix 3. Funnel plot of incidence of microleakage events