Prospective Studies C, Whitlock G, Lewington S, Sherliker P, et al. Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900 000 adults: Collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373(9669):1083-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19299006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2662372. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60318-4.

Kenchaiah S, Evans JC, Levy D, et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(5):305-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12151467. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa020245.

Alpert MA. Management of obesity cardiomyopathy. Am J Med Sci. 2001;321(4):237-41. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11307865. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000441-200104000-00004.

Palmieri V, de Simone G, Arnett DK, et al. Relation of various degrees of body mass index in patients with systemic hypertension to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network Study). Am J Cardiol. 2001;88(10):1163-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11703964. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9149(01)02054-9.

Buchwald H, Avidor Y, Braunwald E, et al. Bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2004;292(14):1724-37. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15479938. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.14.1724.

Nelson RH. Hyperlipidemia as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Primary Care. 2013;40(1):195-211. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23402469 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3572442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pop.2012.11.003.

Detection NCEPEPo, Adults ToHBCi. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12485966.

Jamal M, Wegner R, Heitshusen D, Liao J, Samuel I. Resolution of hyperlipidemia follows surgical weight loss in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery: A 6-year analysis of data. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;7(4):473-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21036105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2010.08.009.

Bella JN, Palmieri V, Roman MJ, et al. Mitral ratio of peak early to late diastolic filling velocity as a predictor of mortality in middle-aged and elderly adults: The Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2002;105(16):1928-33. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11997279. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000015076.37047.d9.

Schillaci G, Pasqualini L, Verdecchia P, et al. Prognostic significance of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in essential hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(12):2005-11. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12084601. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0735-1097(02)01896-x.

Alpert MA, Lambert CR, Terry BE, Cohen MV, Mukerji V, Massey CV, et al. Influence of left ventricular mass on left ventricular diastolic filling in normotensive morbid obesity. Am Heart J. 1995;130(5):1068-73. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7484738. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-8703(95)90210-4.

Borlaug BA, Kass DA. Mechanisms of diastolic dysfunction in heart failure. Trends in cardiovascular medicine. 2006;16(8):273-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17055383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2006.05.003.

Kurnicka K, Domienik-Karlowicz J, Lichodziejewska B, et al. Improvement of left ventricular diastolic function and left heart morphology in young women with morbid obesity six months after bariatric surgery. Cardiol J. 2018;25(1):97-105. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28541599. https://doi.org/10.5603/CJ.a2017.0059.

Ko GT, Chan JC, Cockram CS, Woo J. Prediction of hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia or albuminuria using simple anthropometric indexes in Hong Kong Chinese. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 1999;23(11):1136-42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10578203. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0801043.

Deurenberg P. Universal cut-off BMI points for obesity are not appropriate. Br J Nutrition. 2001;85(2):135-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11280336. https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn2000273.

Zhou B, Cooperative Meta-Analysis Group of China Obesity Task Force. Predictive value of body mass index and waist circumference to risk factors of related diseases in Chinese adult population. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2002;23(1):5-10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12015100.

Zhou B, Cooperative Meta-Analysis Group of the Working Group on Obesity in China. Predictive values of body mass index and waist circumference for risk factors of certain related diseases in Chinese adults-study on optimal cut-off points of body mass index and waist circumference in Chinese adults. Biomed Environ Sci. 2002;15(1):83-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12046553.

Jia WP, Xiang KS, Chen L, Lu JX, Wu YM. Epidemiological study on obesity and its comorbidities in urban Chinese older than 20 years of age in Shanghai, China. Obes Rev. 2002;3(3):157-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12164467. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00071.x.

Yajnik CS. The lifecycle effects of nutrition and body size on adult adiposity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obes Rev. 2002;3(3):217-24. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12164475. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00072.x.

Reddy KS, Prabhakaran D, Shah P, Shah B. Differences in body mass index and waist: Hip ratios in North Indian rural and urban populations. Obes Rev. 2002;3(3):197-202. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12164472. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00075.x

Yoshiike N, Seino F, Tajima S, et al. Twenty-year changes in the prevalence of overweight in Japanese adults: The National Nutrition Survey 1976-95. Obes Rev. 2002;3(3):183-90.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12164470. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-789x.2002.00070.x.

Ozo U, Sharma S. The impact of ethnicity on cardiac adaptation. Eur Cardiol. 2020;15: e61. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32944090. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7479545. https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2020.01.

Kalam K, Otahal P, Marwick TH. Prognostic implications of global LV dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction. Heart. 2014;100(21):1673-80. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24860005. https://doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2014-305538.

Frea S, Andreis A, Scarlatta V, et al. Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in severe obesity and reverse cardiac remodeling after bariatric surgery. J Cardiovasc Echogr. 2020;30(1), 22–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32766102. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7307624. https://doi.org/10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_50_19.

Khorgami Z, Shoar S, Saber AA, Howard CA, Danaei G, Sclabas GM. Outcomes of bariatric surgery versus medical management for type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Obes Surg. 2019;29(3):964-74. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30402804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-018-3552-x.

van Veldhuisen SL, Gorter TM, van Woerden G, et al. Bariatric surgery and cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Eur Heart J. 2022;43(20):1955-69. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35243488. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9123239. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac071.

Pi-Sunyer FX. Comorbidities of overweight and obesity: Current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(11 Suppl):S602-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10593535. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199911001-00019.

Noria SF, Grantcharov T. Biological effects of bariatric surgery on obesity-related comorbidities. Can J Surg. 2013;56(1):47-57. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23351555. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3569476. https://doi.org/10.1503/cjs.036111.

Kindel TL, Strande JL. Bariatric surgery as a treatment for heart failure: Review of the literature and potential mechanisms. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2018;14(1):117-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29108893. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2017.09.534.

Dalsania RK, Ibrahim K, Soans R, et al. Abstract 14264: The impact of bariatric surgery on echocardiographic features of cardiac remodeling and diastolic function. Circulation. 2020;142(Suppl 3):A14264. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.14264.

Doğduş M, Kılıç S, Vuruşkan E. Evaluation of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in overweight people with 3D speckle-tracking echocardiography. Anatol J Cardiol. 2019;21(4):180-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30930446. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6528507. https://doi.org/10.14744/AnatolJCardiol.2018.40456.

Grymyr LM, Nadirpour S, Gerdts E, et al. One-year impact of bariatric surgery on left ventricular mechanics: Results from the prospective FatWest study. Eur Heart J Open. 2021;1(2):oeab024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35919265. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9241572. https://doi.org/10.1093/ehjopen/oeab024.

Mottram PM, Marwick TH. Assessment of diastolic function: What the general cardiologist needs to know. Heart. 2005;91(5):681-95. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15831663. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1768877. https://doi.org/10.1136/hrt.2003.029413.

Heffron SP, Parikh A, Volodarskiy A, et al. Changes in lipid profile of obese patients following contemporary bariatric surgery: A meta-analysis. The American journal of medicine. 2016;129(9):952-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26899751. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4988934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2016.02.004.

Ahmed AE, Alanazi WR, Ahmed RA, et al. The influences of bariatric surgery on hemoglobin A1c in a sample of obese patients in Saudi Arabia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obesity. 2018;11:271-6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29928138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6003294. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S161540.