Renouf DJ, et al. Improvements in 5-year outcomes of stage II/III rectal cancer relative to colon cancer. Am J Clin Oncol. 2013;36(6).

SEER*stat database: populations - total U.S.; 2023. Available from: www.seer.cancer.gov.

Siegel RL, et al. Colorectal cancer statistics, 2020. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(3):145–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huo YR, et al. Systematic review and a meta-analysis of hospital and surgeon volume/outcome relationships in colorectal cancer surgery. J Gastrointest Oncol. 2017;8(3):534–46.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Archampong D, Borowski DW, Dickinson HO. Impact of surgeon volume on outcomes of rectal cancer surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surgeon. 2010;8(6):341–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Vecchio NJ, et al. Guideline-recommended chemoradiation for patients with rectal cancer at large hospitals: a trend in the right direction. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019;62(10):1186–94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stitzenberg KB, et al. Centralization of cancer surgery: implications for patient access to optimal care. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(28):4671–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schrag D, et al. Hospital and surgeon procedure volume as predictors of outcome following rectal cancer resection. Ann Surg. 2002;236(5):583–92.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schrag D, et al. Influence of hospital procedure volume on outcomes following surgery for colon cancer. JAMA. 2000;284(23):3028–35.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Charlton ME, et al. Determinants of rectal cancer patients’ decisions on where to receive surgery: a qualitative analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2019;23(7):1461–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Vecchio NJ, et al. Referrals and decision-making considerations involved in selecting a surgeon for rectal cancer treatment in the Midwest United States. Dis Colon Rectum. 2022.

Chioreso C, et al. Hospital and surgeon selection for medicare beneficiaries with stage II/III rectal cancer: the role of rurality, distance to care, and colonoscopy provider. Ann Surg. 2021;274(4):e336–44.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brady JT, et al. Evaluating the current status of rectal cancer care in the US: where we stand at the start of the Commission on Cancer’s National Accreditation Program for Rectal Cancer. J Am Coll Surg. 2018;226(5):881–90.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao X, et al. Provider viewpoints in the management and referral of rectal cancer. J Surg Res. 2021;258:370–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Onega T, et al. Concordance of rural-urban self-identity and zip code-derived rural-urban commuting area (RUCA) designation. J Rural Health. 2020;36(2):274–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farges O, et al. AJCC 7th edition of TNM staging accurately discriminates outcomes of patients with resectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: by the AFC‐IHCC‐2009 study group. Cancer. 2011;117(10):2170–77.

Birkmeyer JD, et al. Volume and process of care in high-risk cancer surgery. Cancer. 2006;106(11):2476–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Monson JR, et al. Failure of evidence-based cancer care in the United States: the association between rectal cancer treatment, cancer center volume, and geography. Ann Surg. 2014;260(4):625–31; discussion 631–2.

McMullen TP, et al. The investigation of primary rectal cancer by surgeons: current pattern of practice. Can J Surg. 2005;48(1):19–26.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hyman N, et al. Understanding variation in the management of rectal cancer: the potential of a surgeon-initiated database. Am J Surg. 2007;194(4):559–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hodgson DC, et al. Relation of hospital volume to colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2003;95(10):708–16.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meyerhardt JA, et al. Impact of hospital procedure volume on surgical operation and long-term outcomes in high-risk curatively resected rectal cancer: findings from the Intergroup 0114 Study. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(1):166–74.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nugent E, Neary P. Rectal cancer surgery: volume-outcome analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2010;25(12):1389–96.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Purves H, et al. Relationship between surgeon caseload and sphincter preservation in patients with rectal cancer. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;48(2):195–202; discussion 202–4.

Salz T, Sandler RS. The effect of hospital and surgeon volume on outcomes for rectal cancer surgery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(11):1185–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Billingsley KG, et al. Does surgeon case volume influence nonfatal adverse outcomes after rectal cancer resection? J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206(6):1167–77.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hodgson DC, et al. Relation of hospital volume to colostomy rates and survival for patients with rectal cancer. JNCI: J Nat Cancer Inst. 2003;95(10):708–16.

Miller EA, et al. Hospital-to-hospital variation in lymph node detection after colorectal resection. Cancer. 2004;101(5):1065–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu Z, et al. Is the distance worth it? Patients with rectal cancer traveling to high-volume centers experience improved outcomes. Dis Colon Rectum. 2017;60(12):1250–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aquina CT, et al. High volume improves outcomes: the argument for centralization of rectal cancer surgery. Surgery. 2016;159(3):736–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheetz KH, Dimick JB, Nathan HC. Centralization of high-risk cancer surgery within existing hospital systems. Journal of clinical oncology : off j Am Soc Clin Oncol. 2019;JCO1802035.

Austin JM, et al. Safety in numbers: the development of Leapfrog’s composite patient safety score for U.S. hospitals. J Patient Saf. 201410(1):64–71.

Xu Z, Fleming FJ. quality assurance, metrics, and improving standards in rectal cancer surgery in the United States. Front Oncol. 2020;10:655.

Monson JRT, et al. Improving rectal cancer outcomes through advocacy, education, and research: the OSTRiCh consortium and the new NAPRC. Bull Am Coll Surg. 2016;101(11):45–6.

Tucker TC, et al. Improving the quality of cancer care in community hospitals. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28(2):632–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell DA Jr, et al. The Michigan surgical quality collaborative: a legacy of Shukri Khuri. Am J Surg. 2009;198(5 Suppl):S49-55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Campbell DA Jr, et al. Accelerating the pace of surgical quality improvement: the power of hospital collaboration. Arch Surg. 2010;145(10):985–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar