Akiyama S, Hamdeh S, Micic D, Sakuraba A. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80:384–91. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-218946.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Conway R, Grimshaw AA, Konig MF, et al. SARS–CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatic diseases: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74:766–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.42030.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Xu C, Yi Z, Cai R, Chen R, Thong BYH, Mu R. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with rheumatic diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global data. Autoimmun Rev. 2021;20:102778. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102778.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qi G, Wang H, Guo Y, et al. Clinical outcomes of COVID-19 patients with rheumatic diseases: a retrospective cohort study and synthesis analysis in Wuhan. China Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41:1899–910. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-022-06086-2.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bieber A, Sagy I, Novack L, et al. BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and booster in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a national cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81:1028–35. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221824.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papagoras C, Fragoulis GE, Zioga N, et al. Better outcomes of COVID-19 in vaccinated compared to unvaccinated patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81:1013–6. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221539.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Widdifield J, Kwong JC, Chen S, et al. Vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes among individuals with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases tested between March 1 and Nov 22, 2021, in Ontario, Canada: a population-based analysis. Lancet Rheumatol. 2022;4:E430–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(22)00096-0.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roberta P, Greta P, Serena C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine hesitancy among patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: a message for rheumatologists. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80:953–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-220059.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Felten R, Dubois M, Ugarte-Gil MF, et al. Vaccination against COVID-19: Expectations and concerns of patients with autoimmune and rheumatic diseases. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3:e243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00039-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sattui SE, Liew JW, Kennedy K, et al. Early experience of COVID-19 vaccination in adults with systemic rheumatic diseases: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. RMD Open. 2021;7:e001814. https://doi.org/10.1136/RMDOPEN-2021-001814.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luchetti Gentiloni MM, Paci V, Marconi V, et al. SARS-COV-2 infection, vaccination, and immune-mediated diseases: results of a single-center retrospective study. Front Immunol. 2022;13:859550. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.859550.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Terracina KA, Tan FK. Flare of rheumatoid arthritis after COVID-19 vaccination. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3:e469–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00108-9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen Y, Xu Z, Wang P, et al. New-onset autoimmune phenomena post-COVID-19 vaccination. Immunology. 2021;165:386–401. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13443.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Schoenmaker L, Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, et al. mRNA-lipid nanoparticle COVID-19 vaccines: structure and stability. Int J Pharm. 2021;601:120586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120586.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ndeupen S, Qin Z, Jacobsen S, Bouteau A, Estanbouli H, Igyártó BZ. The mRNA-LNP platform’s lipid nanoparticle component used in preclinical vaccine studies is highly inflammatory. iScience. 2021;24:103479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103479.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rider LG, Parks CG, Wilkerson J, et al. Baseline factors associated with self-reported disease flares following COVID-19 vaccination among adults with systemic rheumatic disease: results from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance Vaccine Survey. Rheumatol. 2022;61:143–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/RHEUMATOLOGY/KEAC249.

Article  Google Scholar 

Machado PM, Lawson-Tovey S, Strangfeld A, et al. Safety of vaccination against SARS- CoV- 2 in people with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: results from the EULAR Coronavirus Vaccine (COVAX) physician- reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;81:695–709. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221490.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fragoulis GE, Bournia VK, Mavrea E, et al. COVID-19 vaccine safety and nocebo-prone associated hesitancy in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study. Rheumatol Int. 2022;42:31–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00296-021-05039-3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li X, Tong X, Yeung WWY, et al. Two-dose COVID-19 vaccination and possible arthritis flare among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Hong Kong. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;81:564–8. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221571.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Connolly CM, Ruddy JA, Boyarsky BJ, et al. Disease flare and reactogenicity in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases following two-dose SARS–CoV-2 messenger RNA vaccination. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2022;74:28–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/ART.41924.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ma M, Santosa A, Kong KO, et al. Post-mRNA vaccine flares in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: results from the COronavirus National Vaccine registry for ImmuNe diseases SINGapore (CONVIN-SING). Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81:333–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/ANNRHEUMDIS-2022-EULAR.1787.

Article  Google Scholar 

Von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP. The strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. PLoS Med. 2007;4:1623–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PMED.0040296.

Article  Google Scholar 

MOH. Reorganisation of healthcare system into three integrated clusters to better meet future healthcare needs. Published 2017. Accessed August 15, 2022. https://www.moh.gov.sg/news-highlights/details/reorganisation-of-healthcare-system-into-three-integrated-clusters-to-better-meet-future-healthcare-needs.

Xie Y, Liu Y, Liu Y. The flare of rheumatic disease after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a review. Front Immunol. 2022;13:919979. https://doi.org/10.3389/FIMMU.2022.919979.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Santosa A, Xu C, Arkachaisri T, et al. Recommendations for COVID-19 vaccination in people with rheumatic disease: developed by the Singapore Chapter of Rheumatologists. Int J Rheum Dis. 2021;24:746–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.14107.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zateri C, Birtane M, Aktaş İ, et al. Attitudes of patients with spondylarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis regarding biological treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: a multi-center, phone-based, cross-sectional study. Arch Rheumatol. 2021;36:473. https://doi.org/10.46497/ARCHRHEUMATOL.2021.8364.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Park JK, Lee EB, Shin K, et al. COVID-19 vaccination in patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: clinical guidance of the Korean College of Rheumatology. J Korean Med Sci. 2021;36:e95. https://doi.org/10.3346/JKMS.2021.36.E95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fan Y, Geng Y, Wang Y, et al. Safety and disease flare of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a large real-world survey on inactivated COVID-19 vaccines. Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81:443–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221736.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Felten R, Kawka L, Dubois M, et al. Tolerance of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: the international VACOLUP study. Lancet Rheumatol. 2021;3:e613–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913(21)00221-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rotondo C, Cantatore FP, Fornaro M, et al. Preliminary data on post market safety profiles of COVID 19 vaccines in rheumatic diseases: assessments on various vaccines in use, different rheumatic disease subtypes, and immunosuppressive therapies: a two-centers study. Vaccines. 2021;9:730. https://doi.org/10.3390/VACCINES9070730.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Furer V, Rondaan C, Heijstek MW, et al. 2019 update of EULAR recommendations for vaccination in adult patients with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79:39–52. https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-215882.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Curtis JR, Johnson SR, Anthony DD, et al. American College of Rheumatology Guidance for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases: version 3. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021;73:e60–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/ART.41928/ABSTRACT.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steensels D, Pierlet N, Penders J, Mesotten D, Heylen L. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 antibody response following vaccination with BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273. JAMA. 2021;326:1533–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2021.15125.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yau K, Chan CT, Abe KT, et al. Differences in mRNA-1273 (Moderna) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine immunogenicity among patien