Sobinov AR, Bensmaia SJ. The neural mechanisms of manual dexterity. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2021;22:741–57.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi-Cuya KE, Sakurai R, Sakuma N, Suzuki H, Yasunaga M, Ogawa S, et al. Hand dexterity, not handgrip strength, is associated with executive function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr. 2018;18:210.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Seer C, Adab HZ, Sidlauskaite J, Dhollander T, Chalavi S, Gooijers J, et al. Bridging cognition and action: executive functioning mediates the relationship between white matter fiber density and complex motor abilities in older adults. Aging (Albany NY). 2022;14:7263–81.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodríguez-Aranda C, Mittner M, Vasylenko O. Association between executive functions, working memory, and manual dexterity in young and healthy older adults: an exploratory study. Percept Mot Skills. 2016;122:165–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carmeli E, Patish H, Coleman R. The aging hand. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58:146–52.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ranganathan VK, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Yue GH. Effects of aging on hand function. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2001;49:1478–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diamond A. Executive functions. Annu Rev Psychol. 2013;64:135–68.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carment L, Abdellatif A, Lafuente-Lafuente C, Pariel S, Maier MA, Belmin J, et al. Manual dexterity and aging: a pilot study disentangling sensorimotor from cognitive decline. Front Neurol. 2018;9:910.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Firth J, Firth JA, Stubbs B, Vancampfort D, Schuch FB, Hallgren M, et al. Association between muscular strength and cognition in people with major depression or bipolar disorder and healthy controls. JAMA Psychiat. 2018;75:740–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vasylenko O, Gorecka MM, Rodríguez-Aranda C. Manual dexterity in young and healthy older adults. 2. Association with cognitive abilities. Dev Psychobiol. 2018;60:428–39.

Corti EJ, Johnson AR, Riddle H, Gasson N, Kane R, Loftus AM. The relationship between executive function and fine motor control in young and older adults. Hum Mov Sci. 2017;51:41–50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naito E, Morita T, Hirose S, Kimura N, Okamoto H, Kamimukai C, et al. Bimanual digit training improves right-hand dexterity in older adults by reactivating declined ipsilateral motor-cortical inhibition. Sci Rep. 2021;11:22696.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ota Y, Takamoto K, Urakawa S, Nishimaru H, Matsumoto J, Takamura Y, et al. Motor imagery training with neurofeedback from the frontal pole facilitated sensorimotor cortical activity and improved hand dexterity. Front Neurosci. 2020;14:34.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vasylenko O, Gorecka MM, Waterloo K, Rodríguez-Aranda C. Reduction in manual asymmetry and decline in fine manual dexterity in right-handed older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Laterality. 2022;27:581–604.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Paula JJ, Albuquerque MR, Lage GM, Bicalho MA, Romano-Silva MA, Malloy-Diniz LF. Impairment of fine motor dexterity in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease dementia: association with activities of daily living. Braz J Psychiatry. 2016;38:235–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ranganathan VK, Siemionow V, Sahgal V, Liu JZ, Yue GH. Skilled finger movement exercise improves hand function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M518–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abe T, Fujii K, Hyodo K, Kitano N, Okura T. Effects of acute exercise in the sitting position on executive function evaluated by the Stroop task in healthy older adults. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30:609–13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lancia S, Choi J, Baek J, Mammarella S, Bianco D, Quaresima V, et al. Trail making test induces prefrontal cortex activation as revealed by a cw wearable-wireless fNIRS/DOT imager. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1072:139–44.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bakhshipour E, Koiler R, Milla K, Getchell N. Understanding the Cognitive Demands of the Purdue Pegboard Test: An fNIRs Study. In: Ayaz H, Asgher U, editors. Advances in Neuroergonomics and Cognitive Engineering. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2021. p. 55–61.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Kaufer DI, Williams CS, Braaten AJ, Gill K, Zimmerman S, Sloane PD. Cognitive screening for dementia and mild cognitive impairment in assisted living: comparison of 3 tests. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2008;9:586–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lakens D, Caldwell A. Simulation-based power-analysis for factorial ANOVA designs. PsyArXiv. 2019. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/baxsf.

Article  Google Scholar 

Roivainen E, Suokas F, Saari A. An examination of factors that may contribute to gender differences in psychomotor processing speed. BMC Psychol. 2021;9:190.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Granström F, Hedlund M, Lindström B, Eriksson S. Test-retest reliability of the twenty-five-hole peg test in patients who had a stroke. BMJ Open. 2019;9:e032560.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wagner S, Helmreich I, Dahmen N, Lieb K, Tadic A. Reliability of three alternate forms of the trail making tests a and B. Arch Clin Neuropsychol. 2011;26:314–21.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue T, Nagata K, Tateoka K, Seol J, Yoon J, Tsuji T, et al. Relationship between performance on the Digital Trail Making Peg test and cognitive function in older adults. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2022;59:331–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hagenaars SP, Cox SR, Hill WD, Davies G, Liewald DCM; CHARGE consortium Cognitive Working Group, et al. Genetic contributions to Trail Making Test performance in UK Biobank. Mol Psychiatry. 2018;23:1575–83.

Lee T, Mosing MA, Henry JD, Trollor JN, Ames D, Martin NG, et al. Genetic influences on four measures of executive functions and their covariation with general cognitive ability: the Older Australian Twins Study. Behav Genet. 2012;42:528–38.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abe T, Jindo T, Soma Y, Tsunoda K, Kitano N, Yoon JY, et al. Validity and reliability of the “Trail Making Peg” test as a performance measurement for evaluating the cognitive function. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi. 2015;52:71–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huppert TJ. Commentary on the statistical properties of noise and its implication on general linear models in functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neurophotonics. 2016;3:010401.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yücel MA, Lühmann AV, Scholkmann F, Gervain J, Dan I, Ayaz H, et al. Best practices for fNIRS publications. Neurophotonics. 2021;8:012101.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Klem GH, Lüders HO, Jasper HH, Elger C. The ten-twenty electrode system of the International Federation. The International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol Suppl. 1999;52:3–6.

Virtanen J, Noponen T, Kotilahti K, Virtanen J, Ilmoniemi RJ. Accelerometer-based method for correcting signal baseline changes caused by motion artifacts in medical near-infrared spectroscopy. J Biomed Opt. 2011;16:087005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hitoshi T, Aibara K. Measurement and Evaluation of brain activity for train drivers using wearable NIRS. Neuroimaging-neurobiology, multimodal and network applications. IntechOpen. 2019; https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.90499

Raz A, Shapiro T, Fan J, Posner MI. Hypnotic suggestion and the modulation of Stroop interference. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002;59:1155–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Byun K, Hyodo K, Suwabe K, Ochi G, Sakairi Y, Kato M, et al. Positive effect of acute mild exercise on executive function via arousal-related prefrontal activations: an fNIRS study. Neuroimage. 2014;98:336–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Laird AR, McMillan KM, Lancaster JL, Kochunov P, Turkeltaub PE, Pardo JV, et al. A comparison of label-based review and ALE meta-analysis in the Stroop task. Hum Brain Mapp. 2005;25:6–21.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ichikawa M, Inada H, Nakahara S. Effect of a cognitive test at license renewal for older drivers on their crash risk in Japan. Inj Prev. 2020;26:234–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Police Agency, Japan. Cognitive impairment screening test for senior drivers. https://www.npa.go.jp/english/bureau/traffic/index.html. Accessed 10 Oct 2022.

Tiffin J, Asher EJ. The Purdue pegboard; norms and studies of reliability and validity. J Appl Psychol. 1948;32:234–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheikh JI, Yesavage JA. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clin Gerontol. 1986;5:165–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Washburn RA, Smith KW, Jette AM, Janney CA. The Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE): development and evaluation. J Clin Epidemiol. 1993;46:153–62.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lubben J, Blozik E, Gillmann G, Iliffe S, von Renteln KW, Beck JC, et al. Performance of an abbreviated version of the Lubben Social Network Scale among three European community-dwelling older adult populations. Gerontologist. 2006;46:503–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Buysse DJ, Hall ML, Strollo PJ, Kamarck TW, Owens J, Lee L, et al. Relationships between the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and clinical/polysomnographic measures in a community sample. J Clin Sleep Med. 2008;4:563–71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central