Goldstick JE, Cunningham RM, Carter PM. Current causes of death in children and adolescents in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2022;386(20):1955–6. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2201761.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Armstrong M, Wheeler KK, Shi J, Thakkar RK, Fabia RB, Groner JI, et al. Epidemiology and trend of US pediatric burn hospitalizations, 2003–2016. Burns. 2021;47(3):551–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2020.05.021. Retrospective review that provides most updated information on trends in US pediatric burn hospital admissions.

Thompson R, Budziszewski R, Nanassy AD, Meyer LK, Glat P, Burkey B. Evaluating an urban pediatric hospital’s scald burn prevention program. Inj Epidemiol. 2021;8(Suppl 1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40621-021-00314-0.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Makhubalo O, Schulman D, Rode H, Cox S. Acceptability and functionality of the “kettle strap”: an attempt to decrease kettle related burns in children. Burns. 2018;44(5):1361–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.04.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Moehrlen T, Szucs T, Landolt MA, Meuli M, Schiestl C, Moehrlen U. Trauma mechanisms and injury patterns in pediatric burn patients. Burns. 2018;44(2):326–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2017.07.012.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loos MHJ, Almekinders CAM, Heymans MW, de Vries A, Bakx R. Incidence and characteristics of non-accidental burns in children: a systematic review. Burns. 2020;46(6):1243–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2020.01.008.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Javaid AA, Johnson E, Hollen L, Kemp AM. Influence of agents and mechanisms of injury on anatomical burn locations in children <5 years old with a scald. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(11):1111–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-320710.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shah M, Orton E, Tata LJ, Gomes C, Kendrick D. Risk factors for scald injury in children under 5 years of age: a case-control study using routinely collected data. Burns. 2013;39(7):1474–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2013.03.022.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dissanaike S, Boshart K, Coleman A, Wishnew J, Hester C. Cooking-related pediatric burns: risk factors and the role of differential cooling rates among commonly implicated substances. J Burn Care Res. 2009;30(4):593–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181ac02c8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bachier M, Hammond SE, Williams R, Jancelewicz T, Feliz A. Pediatric scalds: do cooking-related burns have a higher injury burden? J Surg Res. 2015;199(1):230–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2015.05.016.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allen SR, Kagan RJ. Grease fryers: a significant danger to children. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25(5):456–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.bcr.0000138291.95544.aa.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McBride JM, Romanowski KS, Sen S, Palmieri TL, Greenhalgh DG. Contact hand burns in children: still a major prevention need. J Burn Care Res. 2020;41(5):1000–3. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa102.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Noffsinger DL, Johnson SR, Wheeler K, Shi J, Xiang H, Groner JI. Exercise treadmills: a cause of significant hand burns in young children. J Burn Care Res. 2017;38(4):215–9. https://doi.org/10.1097/BCR.0000000000000446.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Batra N, Zheng Y, Alberto EC, Ahmed OZ, Cheng M, Shupp JW, et al. Pediatric treadmill friction burns to the hand: outcomes of an initial nonoperative approach. J Burn Care Res. 2021;42(3):434–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa178.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou R, Qiu L, Xiao J, Mao X, Yuan X. Early wound repair versus later scar repair in children with treadmill hand friction burns. J Burn Care Res. 2022;43(1):269–76. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab083.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• McCrory MC, Woodruff AG, Saha AK, Halvorson EE, Critcher BM, Holmes JHT. Characteristics of burn-injured children in 117 U.S. PICUs (2009-2017): a retrospective virtual pediatric systems database study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2021;22(7):616–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/PCC.0000000000002660. Comprehensive retrospective review on characteristics and outcomes of pediatric burn patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Trotter Z, Foster K, Khetarpal S, Sinha M. Age-based characteristics of pediatric burn injuries from outdoor recreational fires. J Burn Care Res. 2020;41(6):1198–201. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa064.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown NJ, Kimble RM, Gramotnev G, Rodger S, Cuttle L. Predictors of re-epithelialization in pediatric burn. Burns. 2014;40(4):751–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2013.09.027.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Doud AN, Swanson JM, Ladd MR, Neff LP, Carter JE, Holmes JH. Referral patterns in pediatric burn patients. Am Surg. 2014;80(9):836–40.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Partain KP, Fabia R, Thakkar RK. Pediatric burn care: new techniques and outcomes. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2020;32(3):405–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000902.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rumpf RW, Stewart WCL, Martinez SK, Gerrard CY, Adolphi NL, Thakkar R, et al. Comparison of the Lund and Browder table to computed tomography scan three-dimensional surface area measurement for a pediatric cohort. J Surg Res. 2018;221:275–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.08.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Romanowski KS, Palmieri TL. Pediatric burn resuscitation: past, present, and future. Burns Trauma. 2017;5:26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41038-017-0091-y.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Carvajal HF. A physiologic approach to fluid therapy in severely burned children. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1980;150(3):379–84.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stevens JV, Prieto NS, Ridelman E, Klein JD, Shanti CM. Weight-based vs body surface area-based fluid resuscitation predictions in pediatric burn patients. Burns. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2022.03.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pisano C, Fabia R, Shi J, Wheeler K, Giles S, Puett L, et al. Variation in acute fluid resuscitation among pediatric burn centers. Burns. 2021;47(3):545–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2020.04.013.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Medina-Preciado JD, Kolosovas-Machuca ES, Velez-Gomez E, Miranda-Altamirano A, Gonzalez FJ. Noninvasive determination of burn depth in children by digital infrared thermal imaging. J Biomed Opt. 2013;18(6):061204. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.18.6.061204.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ganon S, Guedon A, Cassier S, Atlan M. Contribution of thermal imaging in determining the depth of pediatric acute burns. Burns. 2020;46(5):1091–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2019.11.019.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sheckter CC, Kiwanuka H, Maan Z, Pirrotta E, Curtin C, Wang NE. Increasing ambulatory treatment of pediatric minor burns-the emerging paradigm for burn care in children. Burns. 2019;45(1):165–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.031.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel PP, Vasquez SA, Granick MS, Rhee ST. Topical antimicrobials in pediatric burn wound management. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(4):913–22. https://doi.org/10.1097/SCS.0b013e318175b516.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choi YM, Campbell K, Levek C, Recicar J, Moulton S. Antibiotic ointment versus a silver-based dressing for children with extremity burns: a randomized controlled study. J Pediatr Surg. 2019;54(7):1391–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2018.06.011.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Diab WC, Ridelman E, Vitale L, Cloutier D, Klein JD, Shanti CM. A retrospective study of touchless spray for pediatric perineal burns treatment. J Burn Care Res. 2022;43(2):408–11. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irab138. Retrospective review on new emerging topical agent to help improve care for pediatiric burn patients.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hyland EJ, D’Cruz R, Menon S, Chan Q, Harvey JG, Lawrence T, et al. Prospective, randomised controlled trial comparing Versajet hydrosurgery and conventional debridement of partial thickness paediatric burns. Burns. 2015;41(4):700–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2015.02.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Legemate CM, Goei H, Gostelie OFE, Nijhuis THJ, van Baar ME, van der Vlies CH, et al. Application of hydrosurgery for burn wound debridement: an 8-year cohort analysis. Burns. 2019;45(1):88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.015.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Palackic A, Duggan RP, Campbell MS, Walters E, Branski LK, Ayadi AE, et al. The role of skin substitutes in acute burn and reconstructive burn surgery: an updated comprehensive review. Semin Plast Surg. 2022;36(1):33–42. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743455.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wood F, Martin L, Lewis D, Rawlins J, McWilliams T, Burrows S, et al. A prospective randomised clinical pilot study to compare the effectiveness of Biobrane(R) synthetic wound dressing, with or without autologous cell suspension, to the local standard treatment regimen in paediatric scald injuries. Burns. 2012;38(6):830–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2011.12.020.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Farroha A, Frew Q, El-Muttardi N, Philp B, Dziewulski P. The use of Biobrane(R) to dress split-thickness skin graft in paediatric burns. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2013;26(2):94–7.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pereima MJL, Feijo R, Oenning da Gama F, de Oliveira Boccardi R. Treatment of burned children using dermal regeneration template with or without negative pressure. Burns. 2019;45(5):1075–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2018.08.009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Selvarajah D, Bollu BK, Harvey J, Jacques M, Jehangir S, Fuller ES, et al. Acticoat versus biobrane: a retrospective review on the treatment of paediatric mid-dermal torso burns. Int J Burns Trauma. 2019;9(4):82–7.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar