Peng PWH, Ho P, Hota SS. Outbreak of a new coronavirus: what anaesthetists should know. Br J Anaesth. 2020;124(5):497–501.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jiang Y, Kharasch ED. Novel coronavirus 2019 and anesthesiology. Anesthesiology. 2020;132(6):1289–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ludwig S, Zarbock A. Coronaviruses and SARS-CoV-2: a brief overview. Anesth Analg. 2020;131:93–6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Odor PM, Neun M, Bampoe S, Clark S, Heaton D, Hoogenboom EM, Patel A, Brown M, Kamming D. Anaesthesia and COVID-19: infection control. Br J Anaesth. 2020;125(1):16–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meng L, Qiu H, Wan L, Ai Y, Xue Z, Guo Q, Deshpande R, Zhang L, Mang J, Tong C, Liu H, Xiong L. Intubation and ventilation amid the COVID-19 Outbreak—Wuhan’s experience. Anesthesiology. 2020;132:1317–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lee-Archer P, von Ungern-Sternberg B. Pediatric anesthetic implications of COVID-19- a review of current literature. Pediatr Anesth. 2020;30(6):136–41.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bialek S, Gierke R, Hughes M, McNamara LA, Pilishvili T, Skoff T. Coronavirus disease 2019 in children—United States. February 12—April 2. MMWR. 2020;69(14):422–46.

PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Otto WR, Geoghegan S, Posch LC, Bell LM, Coffin SE, Sammons JS, Harris RM, Odom John AR, Luan X, Gerber JS. The epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in a pediatric healthcare network in the United States. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc. 2020;9(5):523–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

•Bixler D, Miller AD, Mattison CP, Taylor B, et al. SARS-CoV-2-Associated Deaths Among Persons Aged < 21 years- United States , February 12 – July 21, 20202. MMWR. 2020; 69 (37): 1324–1329. This CDC report was the first to outline the nature of COVID-19 deaths in children in the United States. The vast majority (78%) of deaths was in Black and Hispanic children.

••Matava C, Kovatsis PG, Lee, JK, Castro P, Fiadjoe JE, PeDI-Collaborative, et al. Pediatric Airway Management in COVID-19 Patients: Consensus Guidelines from the Society for Pediatric Anesthesia’s Pediatric Difficult Intubation Collaborative and the Canadian Pediatric Anesthesia Society. Anesth Analg July 2020; 131(1); 61–73. This Consensus statement provided early guidance for airway management in children with COVID-19.

Cook TM, El-Boghdadly K, McGuire B, McNarry AF, Patel A, Higgs A, Fraser J, Humphry A, Ramnarayan P, Sinha R, Mahoney S, Burmester M, Whittaker C, Smith J. Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in children with COVID-19. Published April 6, 2020. [Accessed November 15, 2022]. https://icmanaesthesiacovid-19.org/covid-19-paediatric-airway-management-principles

Orser BA. Recommendations for endotracheal intubation of COVID-19 patients. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(5):1109–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhu W, Wang Y, Xiao K, Zhang H, Tian Y, Clifford SP, Xu J, Huang J. Establishing and managing a temporary coronavirus disease 2019 specialty Hospital in Wuhan. China Anesthesiology. 2020;132:1339–45.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Apfelbaum JL, Hagberg CA, Connis RT, Abdelmalak BB. American Society of anesthesiologists (ASA) Practice guidelines for management of the difficult airway. J Am Soc. 2022;136:31–81.

Google Scholar 

••Fiadjoe JE, Nishisaki A, Jagannathan N, Hunyady AI, PeDI Collaborative Group. Airway Management Complications in Children with Difficult Tracheal intubation from the Pediatric Difficult Intubation (PeDI) registry: a prospective cohort analysis. Lancet Respir Med. 2016; 4(1): 37–48. This international, multicenter, database study identified complications of pediatric difficult airway management and their associated risk factors.

Stein ML, Park RS, Afshari A, Disma N, Fiadjoe JE, Matava CT, McNarry A, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, et al. Lessons from the COVID-19: A reflection on the strengths and weakness of early consensus recommendations for pediatric difficult airway management during a respiratory viral pandemic using a modified Delphi method. Pediatr Anesth. 2021;31:1074–88.

Article  Google Scholar 

••Garcia-Marcinkiewicz A, Kovatsis PG, Hunyady AI, Olomu PN, PeDI Collaborative Investigators. First-attempt success rate of Videolaryngoscopy in small infants (VISI): a multicentre, randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2020;396: 1905–13. This prospective, multicenter, international study demonstrates that in infants, standard blade videolaryngoscopy had a higher first attempt success rate and few complication rates when compared to straight blade direct laryngoscopy.

•Hall D, Steel A, Heij R, Eley A, Young P. Videolaryngoscopy increases “mouth-to-mouth” distance compared with direct laryngoscopy. Anaesthesia 2020, 75, 819–835. This study demonstrates that Videolaryngoscopy use is associated with a doubling of the “mouth-to-mouth” distance when compared to direct laryngoscopy. This may offer protection to HCWs involved with airway management of COVID-19 patients.

Zeidan A, Bamadhaj M, Al-Faraidy Ali M. Videolaryngoscopy intubation in patients with COVID-19- how to minimize risk of aerosolization. Anesthesiology. 2020;133(2):481-ref3.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Jong A, Pardo E, Rolle A, Bodin-Lario S, Pouzeratte Y, Jaber S. Airway management for COVID-19: a move towards universal videolaryngoscope? Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(6):555.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel Coronavirus infected pneumonia in Wuhan. China JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in China. Summary of a report of 72,314 cases from the Chinese center for disease and prevention. JAMA. 2020;323(13):1239–42.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Qin Q. Unique epidemiological and clinical features of the emerging 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) implicate special control measures. J Med Virol. 2020;92(66):568–76.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

••Klompass M, Baker M, Rhee C. What is an Aerosol-Generating Procedure? JAMA Surg. 2021; 156 (2): 113–114. This report broadens the definition of aerosol generating and aerosol dispersing medical procedures in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Morawska L, Johnson GR, Ristovski ZD, et al. Size distribution and sites of origin of droplets expelled from the human respiratory tract during expiratory activities. J Aerosol Sci. 2009;40(3):256–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lai H. Aerosol box. Available her: (google.com) [Accessed November 15, 2022].

Saito T, Asai T. Aerosol containment device for airway management of patients with COVID-19: a narrative review. J Anesth. 2021;35:384–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

••Sorbello M, Rosenblatt W, Hofmeyr R, Greif R, and Urdaneta F. Aerosol boxes and barrier enclosures for airway management in COVID-19 patients: a scoping review and narrative synthesis. British Journal of Anaesthesia. 2020;125 (6):880–894. This scoping review demonstrates the lack of evidence for the effectiveness and safety of barrier devices in the context of airway management in COVID-19 patients.

••El-Boghdadly K, Wong DJN, Owen R, Neuman MD, Pocock S, Carlisle JB, et al. Risk to healthcare workers following tracheal intubation of patients with COVID-19: a prospective interventional multicentre cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2021; 75: 1437–1447. This prospective, multicenter, international, study demonstrates the nature of the risk posed to HCWs by tracheal intubation in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 patients.

••Saynhalath R, Alex G, Efune P, Szmuk P, Zhu H, Sanford EL. Anesthetic Complications Associated with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Pediatric Patients. Anesth Analg 2021; 133(2): 483–490. This single-center retrospective cohort analysis demonstrates a higher incidence pf perianesthetic respiratory complications in COVID-19 patients when compared to children without COVID-19.

••Peterson MB, Gurnaney HG, Disma N, Matava C, Jagannathan N, Stein ML, Liu H, Kovatsis PG, von Ungern-Sternberg BS, Fiadjoe JE, the PAWS-COVID-19 Group. Complications associated with paediatric airway management during the COVID-19 pandemic: an international, multicentre, observational study. Anaesthesia. 2022; 77(6); 649–658. This observational multicenter, international registry study demonstrates a higher incidence of perianesthetic hypoxemia in symptomatic COVID-19 patients compared to asymptomatic patients.

••El-Boghdadly K, Cook TM, Goodacre T, Kua J, Blake L, Denmark S, McNally S, Mercer N, Moonesinghe SR, Summerton DJ. SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19 and Timing of Elective Surgery. A multidisciplinary Consensus Statement on behalf of the Association of Anaesthetists, the Centre for Peri-operative Care, the Federation of Surgical Specialty Associations, the Royal College of Anaesthetists, and the Royal College of Surgeon of England. Anaesthesia 2021;76: 940–946. This multidisciplinary evidence-based consensus statement highlights the factors to consider for safe surgery in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Elective surgery before 7 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with increased complication rate and should be delayed unless the risk of delay outweighs the risk of COVID-19 related complications.

COVIDSurg Collaborative. Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS_CoV-2 infection. BJS. 2020;107:e601-2.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

••COVIDSurg Collaborative; GlobalSurg Collaborative. Timing of surgery following SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international prospective cohort study. Anaesthesia. 2021 Jun;76(6):748–758. This large international, multicenter, prospective cohort study of 3127 patients outlines the important considerations for safe surgery in patients with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Surgery should be delayed for at least 7 weeks and further delay is warranted in the presence of significant co-morbidities or if COVID-19 symptoms persist.

Le ST, Kipnis P, Cohn B, Liu VX. COVID-19 vaccination and the timing of surgery following COVID-19 infection. Ann Surg. 2022;276(5):e265-72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wijeysundera DN, Khadaroo RG. Surgery after a previous SARS-CoV-19 infection; data, answers, and questions. Anaesthesia. 2021;76(6):731–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

CDC.GOV. “Doffing PPE: Prepare to Doff Your PPE.” (https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/ hcp/ppe-training/paprrespirator_gown/doffing_01.html. Accessed 1/12/2023

Wang W, Xu Y, Gao R, Lu R, Han K, Wu G, Wenjie T. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of clinical specimens. JAMA. 2020;323(18):1843–4.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar