Momma E.a· Koeda M.a· Hoshikawa Y.a· Tanabe T.a· Hoshino S.a· Kitasako Y.b,c· Kawami N.a· Iwakiri K.a

Author affiliations

aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Nippon Medical School, Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
bCariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
cDental Clinic, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Chiyoda-ku, Japan

Log in to MyKarger to check if you already have access to this content.

Buy FullText & PDF Unlimited re-access via MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more

CHF 38.00 *
EUR 35.00 *
USD 39.00 *

Select

KAB

Buy a Karger Article Bundle (KAB) and profit from a discount!

If you would like to redeem your KAB credit, please log in.

Save over 20% compared to the individual article price.

Learn more

Rent via DeepDyve Unlimited fulltext viewing of this article Organize, annotate and mark up articles Printing and downloading restrictions apply

Start free trial

Subscribe Access to all articles of the subscribed year(s) guaranteed for 5 years Unlimited re-access via Subscriber Login or MyKarger Unrestricted printing, no saving restrictions for personal use read more

Subcription rates

Select

* The final prices may differ from the prices shown due to specifics of VAT rules.

Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Received: August 31, 2022
Accepted: December 21, 2022
Published online: February 07, 2023

Number of Print Pages: 7
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 1

ISSN: 0012-2823 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9867 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/DIG

Abstract

Introduction: Saliva secretion is significantly lower in patients with mild reflux esophagitis than in healthy controls. A previous study on healthy controls showed that stimulated saliva secretion was lower in females than in males. Saliva secretion may be lower in female patients with mild reflux esophagitis than in male patients. Therefore, the present study investigated sex differences in saliva secretion in patients with mild reflux esophagitis. Methods: Twenty-five male patients with mild reflux esophagitis, 25 male healthy controls, 24 female patients with mild reflux esophagitis, and 24 female healthy controls were recruited for this case-control study. Saliva secretion was assessed as follows: each patient chewed sugar-free gum for 3 minutes prior to endoscopy, and the volume and pH of saliva before and after acid loading as an index of the acid-buffering capacity were measured. Results: No significant differences were observed in the amount of stimulated saliva secretion, salivary pH, or the acid-buffering capacity between male patients with mild reflux esophagitis and healthy controls. No significant differences were noted in salivary pH between female patients with mild reflux esophagitis and healthy controls; however, the amount of stimulated saliva secretion was significantly lower (p = 0.0023) in the former (2.5 [1.9–4.1]) than in the latter (4.6 [3.2–6.6]), while the acid-buffering capacity was slightly lower (p = 0.0578) in the former (5.9 [5.7–6.2]) than in the latter (6.2 [6.0–6.5]). Conclusion: The amount of stimulated saliva secretion was significantly lower in female patients with mild reflux esophagitis than in female healthy controls. This reduction in saliva secretion may affect the pathophysiology of mild reflux esophagitis in females.

© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel

References Iwakiri K, Fujiwara Y, Manabe N, Ihara E, Kuribayashi S, Akiyama J, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for gastroesophageal reflux disease 2021. J Gastroenterol. 2022;57(4):267–85. Lundell LR, Dent J, Bennett JR, Blum AL, Armstrong D, Galmiche JP, et al. Endoscopic assessment of oesophagitis: clinical and functional correlates and further validation of the Los Angeles classification. Gut. 1999;45(2):172–80. Iwakiri K, Kawami N, Sano H, Tanaka Y, Umezawa M, Kotoyori M, et al. Mechanisms of excessive esophageal acid exposure in patients with reflux esophagitis. Dig Dis Sci. 2009;54(8):1686–92. Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ, Kern M, Arndorfer RC, Reece A. Esophageal peristaltic dysfunction in peptic esophagitis. Gastroenterology. 1986;91(4):897–904. Kahrilas PJ, Dodds WJ, Hogan WJ. Effect of peristaltic dysfunction on esophageal volume clearance. Gastroenterology. 1988;94(1):73–80. Helm JF, Dodds WJ, Riedel DR, Teeter BC, Hogan WJ, Arndorfer RC. Determinants of esophageal acid clearance in normal subjects. Gastroenterology. 1983;85(3):607–12. Helm JF, Dodds WJ, Pelc LR, Palmer DW, Hogan WJ, Teeter BC. Effect of esophageal emptying and saliva on clearance of acid from the esophagus. N Engl J Med. 1984;310(5):284–8. Sugiura T, Iwakiri K, Kotoyori M, Kobayashi M. Relationship between severity of reflux esophagitis according to the Los Angeles classification and esophageal motility. J Gastroenterol. 2001;36(4):226–30. Koeda M, Tanabe T, Kitasako Y, Momma E, Hoshikawa Y, Hoshino S, et al. Saliva secretion is reduced in mild reflux esophagitis patients. Esophagus. 2022;19(2):351–9. Flink H, Bergdahl M, Tegelberg A, Rosenblad A, Lagerlöf F. Prevalence of hyposalivation in relation to general health, body mass index and remaining teeth in different age groups of adults. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2008;36(6):523–31. Konturek JW, Bielanski W, Konturek SJ, Bogdal J, Oleksy J. Distribution and release of epidermal growth factor in man. Gut. 1989;30(9):1194–200. Kusano M, Hosaka H, Kawada A, Kuribayashi S, Shimoyama Y, Kawamura O, et al. Development and evaluation of a modified Frequency Scale for the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease to distinguish functional dyspepsia from non-erosive reflux disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;27(7):1187–91. Kitasako Y, Moritsuka M, Foxton RM, Ikeda M, Tagami J, Nomura S. Simplified and quantitative saliva buffer capacity test using a hand-held pH meter. Am J Dent. 2005;18(3):147–50. Moritsuka M, Kitasako Y, Burrow MF, Ikeda M, Tagami J. The pH change after HCl titration into resting and stimulated saliva for a buffering capacity test. Aust Dent J. 2006;51(2):170–4. Kimura K, Takemoto T. An endoscopic recognition of the atrophic border and its significance in chronic gastritis. Endoscopy. 1969;1(03):87–97. Hanada Y, Hoshino S, Hoshikawa Y, Takenouchi N, Umezawa M, Kawami N, et al. Endoscopic diagnosis of hiatus hernia under deep inspiration is not consistent with esophageal manometric diagnosis. J Gastroenterol. 2018;53(6):712–7. Koeda M, Tanabe T, Kitasako Y, Momma E, Hoshikawa Y, Hoshino S, et al. Saliva secretion is reduced in proton pump inhibitor-responsive non-erosive reflux disease patients. Esophagus. 2021;18(4):900–7. Beaumont H, Bennink RJ, de Jong J, Boeckxstaens GE. The position of the acid pocket as a major risk factor for acidic reflux in healthy subjects and patients with GORD. Gut. 2010;59(4):441–51. Namiot Z, Stasiewicz J, Kralisz M, Kozuszyńska-Topór M, Markowski AR, Aljanaby FK, et al. Omeprazole therapy and salivary flow rate in duodenal ulcer patients. Med Sci Monit. 2001;7(2):276–81. Inoue H, Ono K, Masuda W, Morimoto Y, Tanaka T, Yokota M, et al. Gender difference in unstimulated whole saliva flow rate and salivary gland sizes. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51(12):1055–60. Streckfus CF, Baur U, Brown LJ, Bacal C, Metter J, Nick T. Effects of estrogen status and aging on salivary flow rates in healthy Caucasian women. Gerontology. 1998;44(1):32–9. Freedberg DE, Kim LS, Yang YX. The risks and benefits of long-term use of proton pump inhibitors: expert review and best practice advice from the American gastroenterological association. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(4):706–15. Leonard J, Marshall JK, Moayyedi P. Systematic review of the risk of enteric infection in patients taking acid suppression. Am J Gastroenterol. 2007;102(9):2047–56; quiz 2057. Deshpande A, Pant C, Pasupuleti V, Rolston DDK, Jain A, Deshpande N, et al. Association between proton pump inhibitor therapy and Clostridium difficile infection in a meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2012;10(3):225–33. Article / Publication Details

First-Page Preview

Received: August 31, 2022
Accepted: December 21, 2022
Published online: February 07, 2023

Number of Print Pages: 7
Number of Figures: 3
Number of Tables: 1

ISSN: 0012-2823 (Print)
eISSN: 1421-9867 (Online)

For additional information: https://www.karger.com/DIG

Copyright / Drug Dosage / Disclaimer Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug.
Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.