From the Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Harada, Dr Nagata); Disaster Occupational Health Center, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Tateishi); Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Ishimaru, Dr Fujino); Department of Mental Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Eguchi); Department of Environmental Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Tsuji); Department of Work Systems and Health, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Ikegami); and Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan (Dr Matsugaki).

Funding sources: This study was supported and partly funded by the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (no grant number), the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (H30-josei-ippan-002, H30-roudou-ippan-007, 19JA1004, 20JA1006, 210301-1, and 20HB1004), Anshin Zaidan (no grant number), the Collabo-Health Study Group (no grant number), Hitachi Systems Ltd. (no grant number), and scholarship donations from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (no grant numbers). The funders were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the article; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Ishimaru, Harada, Tateishi, Nagata, Eguchi, Tsuji, Ikegami, Matsugaki, and Fujino, for the CORoNaWork Project have no relationships/conditions/circumstances that present potential conflict of interest.

The JOEM editorial board and planners have no financial interest related to this research.

Ethics approval: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan (approval no. R2-079).

Address correspondence to: Tomohiro Ishimaru, MD, MPH, PhD, Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute of Industrial Ecological Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan ([email protected]).