Vandenbosche RC, Kirchner JT. Intrauterine growth retardation. Am Fam Physician. 1998;58:1384–90.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damodaram M, Story L, Kulinskaya E, Rutherford M, Kumar S. Early adverse perinatal complications in preterm growth-restricted fetuses. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;51:204–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mcintire DD, Bloom SL, Casey BM, Leveno KJ. Birth weight in relation to morbidity and mortality among infants. N Eng J Med. 1999;340:1234–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Tideman E, Marsal K, Ley D. Cognitive function in young adults following intrauterine growth restriction with abnormal fetal aortic blood flow. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29:614–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Barker DJ. Fetal origins of coronary heart disease. BMJ. 1995;311:171–4.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Meher S, Hernandez-Andrade E, Basheer SN, Lees C. Impact of cerebral redistribution on neurodevelopmental outcome in small-for-gestational age or growth-restricted babies: a systematic review. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46:398–404.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Jaddoe VW, de Jonge LL, Hofman A, Franco OH, Steegers EA, Galliard R. First trimester fetal growth restriction and cardiovascular risk factors in school age children: population based cohort study. BMJ. 2014;348: g14.

Article  Google Scholar 

American College of Obstetrician and Gynaecologists ACOG Practice bulletin no 134: fetal growth restriction. Obstet Gynecol. 2013; 121:1122–33.

RCOG Green Top Guideline No 31. The Investigation and Management of the Small-for-Gestational Age Fetus. 2014: 1–34.

Unterscheider J, Daly S, Geary MP, Kennelly MM, McAuliffe FM, O’Donoghue K, et al. Optimizing the definition of intrauterine growth restriction: the multicenter prospective PORTO study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013;208:290e1–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Vasak B, Koenen SV, Koster MP, Hukkelhoven CW, Franx A, Hanson MA, et al. Human fetal growth is constrained below optimal for perinatal survival. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45:162–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Lees C, Marlow N, Arbin B, Bilardo CM, Brezinka C, Derks JB, et al. Perinatal morbidity and mortality in early-onset fetal growth restriction: cohort outcomes of the trial of randomized umbilical and fetal flow in Europe (TRUFFLE). Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42:400–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Gordijn SJ, Beune IM, Thilaganathan B, Papageorghiou A, Baschat AA, Bakers PN, et al. Consensus definition of fetal growth restriction: a Delphi procedure. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;48:333–9.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Hadlock FP, Harrist RB, Sharman RS, Deter RL, Park SK. Estimation of fetal weight with the use of head, body, and femur measurements- a prospective study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985;151(3):333–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Kliegman RM, Stanton BF, St Geme JW, Schor NF, Behrman RE. Nelson textbook of paediatrics. 19th ed. New Jersey: Elsevier; 2007. p. 580–2.

Google Scholar 

Sharma D, Shastri S, Sharma P. Intrauterine growth restriction: antenatal and postnatal aspects. Clinical Med Insights Pediatrics. 2016;10:67–83.

Google Scholar 

Longo S, Borghesi A, Tzialla C, Stronati M. IUGR and infections. Early Hum Dev. 2014;90(1):42–40.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sasi A, Abraham V, Davies-Tuck M, Polglase GR, Jenkin G, Miller SL, et al. Impact of intrauterine growth restriction on preterm lung disease. Acta Paediatr. 2015;104:e552–6.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Check J, Gotteiner N, Liu X, Su E, Porta N, Steinhorn R, et al. Fetal growth restriction and pulmonary hypertension in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. J Perinatol. 2013;33:553–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Sehgal A, Gwini SM, Menahem S, Allison BJ, Miller SL, Polglase GR. Preterm growth restriction and bronchopulmonary dysplasia: the vascular hypothesis and related physiology. J Physiol. 2019;597(4):1209–20.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Pankiewicz K, Maciejewski T. Perinatal mortality and morbidity of growth restricted fetuses and newborns (own experience)- first report. Dev Period Med. 2017;21:29–34.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Leon DA, Lithell HO, Vagero D, Koupilova I, Mohsen R, Berglund L, et al. Reduced fetal growth rate and increased risk of death from ischemic heart disease: cohort study of 15000 Swedish men and women born 1915–29. BMJ. 1998;317(7153):241–5.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Barker DJ, Osmond C, Golding J, Kuh D, Wadsworth MEJ. Growth in utero, blood pressure in childhood and adult life and mortality from cardiovascular disease. BMJ. 1989;298(6673):564–7.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Pagani G, Bhide A. Fetal Growth Restriction. In: Bhide A, Arulkumaran S, Damania KR, Daftary SN (eds) Practical Guide to High Risk Pregnancy and Delivery A South Asian perspective 4th Edn. Elsevier Publication. New Delhi. 2015; 6: 86–103.

Marzouk A, Filipovic-Pierucci A, Baud O, Tsatsaris V, Ego A, Charles A, et al. Prenatal and post-natal cost of small for gestational age infants: a national study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2017;17:221.

Article  Google Scholar 

Lim G, Tracey J, Boom N, Karmakar S, Wang J, Berthelot JM, et al. CIHI survey: hospital costs for preterm and small-for-gestational age babies in Canada. Health-Q. 2009;12:20–4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gephart SM, Hanson CK. Preventing necrotizing enterocolitis with standardized feeding protocols: not only possible, but imperative. Adv Neonatal Care. 2013;13:48–54.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bozzetti V, Tagliabue PE. Enteral feeding of intrauterine growth restriction preterm infants: theoretical risks and practical implications. Pediatr Med Chir. 2017;39:160.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahamed MF, Dar P, Vega M, Kim M, Gao Q, Havranek T. Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics. J Neonatal-Perinatal Med. 2017;10:43–8.

CAS  Article  Google Scholar 

Bozzetti V, Paterlini G, De Lorenzo P, Gazzolo D, Valsecchi MG, Tagliabue PE. Impact of continuous vs bolus feeding on splanchnic perfusion in very low birth weight infants: A Randomized Trial. J Pediatr. 2016;176:86–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Molina LCG, Odibo L, Zientara S, Obican SG, Rodriguez A, Stout M, et al. Validation of the Delphi procedure consensus criteria for defining fetal growth restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2019;220:S157.

Google Scholar