Gluten-related disorders in humans comprise different entities, including coeliac disease. Patients typically have measurable titers of anti-gliadin IgG or IgA (AGAs) and anti-transglutaminase-2 IgA (TG2). In addition to intestinal symptoms, human patients often show various neurological complications. In dogs, the neurological manifestation is rarely reported. Here we describe the muscle and nerve biopsies of an 11-year-old, male Border Terrier presenting with lower motor neuron signs submitted for histological examination. Examination of the biopsies showed an oligofocal lymphohistiocytic and plasmocytic myositis and a diffuse neuropathy of mixed nodo-paranodal and demyelinating type. Suspecting a neuromuscular form of breed-related gluten hypersensitivity, measurements of AGAs and TG2 antibodies were performed. Both titers ranged above control values. Hence, a gluten-related neuromyopathy was diagnosed.

A gluten-free diet was prescribed and a complete disappearance of clinical signs was observed. Gluten-related disorders should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with intestinal and neuromuscular signs.