1. Money, D . Canadian Surveillance of COVID-19 in pregnancy: epidemiology, maternal and infant outcomes. Report #2. Public Health Agency of Canada, January 15, 2021. Available at: http://med-fom-ridprogram.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/01/CANCOVID_Preg-report-2-ON-AB-BC-QC-data_15JAN2021_FINAL.pdf (accessed 23 April 2021)
Google Scholar2. Blitz, MJ, Grünebaum, A, Tekbali, A, et al. Intensive care unit admissions for pregnant and nonpregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 223: 290–291.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline3. Allotey, J, Stallings, E, Bonet, M, et al. Clinical manifestations, risk factors, and maternal and perinatal outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 in pregnancy: living systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2020; 370: m3320.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Wei, SQ, Bilodeau-Bertrand, M, Liu, S, Auger, N. The impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ 2021; 193(16): E540–E548.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline5. Chinn, J, Sedighim, S, Kirby, KA, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of women with COVID-19 giving birth at US academic centers during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4(8): e2120456.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline6. D‘Antonio, F, Sen, C, Mascio, DD, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in high compared to low risk pregnancies complicated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection (phase 2): the World Association of Perinatal Medicine working group on coronavirus disease 2019. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2021; 3(4): 100329.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. SARS-CoV-2 Variant Classifications and Definitions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/variant-surveillance/variant-info.html (April 2021, accessed 23 April 2021)
Google Scholar8. Knight, M, Ramakrishnan, R, Bunch, K, et al. Females in Hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection, the association with pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes: A UKOSS/ISARIC/CO-CIN investigation. UK Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies (SAGE). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/977287/s1171-ukoss-isaric-co-cin-covid-19-young-females-pregnancy-report.pdf (April 2021, accessed 23 April 2021)
Google Scholar9. Hegwald, MJ, Crapo, RO. Respiratory physiology in pregnancy. Clin Chest Med 2011; 32: 1.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Green, LJ, Mackillop, LH, Salvi, D, et al. Gestation-specific vital sign reference ranges in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 2020; 135: 653–664.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline11. Milne, JA, Howie, AD, Pack, AI. Dyspnoea during normal pregnancy. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1978; 85: 260–263.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Ackermann, M, Verleden, SE, Kuehnel, M, et al. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 120–128.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Chiumello, D, Camporota, L, Gattinoni, L, Marini, JJ. Complexity and unanswered questions in the pathophysiology of COVID-19 ARDS. Intensive Care Med 2021; 47: 495–496.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Presbitero, P, Somerville, J, Stone, S, Aruta, E, Spiegelhalter, D, Rabajoli, F. Pregnancy in cyanotic congenital heart disease. Outcome of mother and fetus. Circulation 1994; 89: 2673–6.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Connors, JM, Levy, JH. Thromboinflammation and the hypercoagulability of COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost 2020; 18: 1559–1561.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Kornacki, J, Wender-Ożegowska, E. Utility of biochemical tests in prediction, diagnostics and clinical management of preeclampsia: a review. Arch Med Sci 2020 Aug 3; 16(6): 1370–1375.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Smadja, DM, Philippe, A, Bory, O, et al. Placental growth factor level in plasma predicts COVID-19 severity and in-hospital mortality. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19(7): 1823–1830.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Lowe, S . Diagnostic imaging in pregnancy: Making informed decisions. Obstet Med 2019; 12(3): 116–122.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI19. Recovery Collaborative Group , Horby, P, Lim, WS, et al. Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 384: 693–704.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. D‘Souza, R, Ashraf, R, Rowe, H, et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19: pharmacologic considerations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021; 57: 195–203.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. Beigel, JH, Tomashek, KM, Dodd, LE, Mehta, AK, Zingman, BS, Kalil, AC, et al. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 – Final Report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383: 1813–26.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Jorgensen, SCJ, Davis, MR, Lapinsky, SE. A review of remdesivir for COVID-19 in pregnancy and lactation. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021 Aug 24: dkab311. Online ahead of print.
Google Scholar | Medline23. Burwick, RM, Yawetz, S, Stephenson, KE, Collier, AY, Sen, P, Blackburn, BG, et al. Compassionate use of remdesivir in pregnant women with severe COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2020: ciaa1466. Epub ahead of print.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Recovery Collaborative Group . Tocilizumab in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial. Lancet 2021; 397(10285): 1637–1645.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline25. Förger, F, Villiger, PM. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy: present and future. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12: 937–44.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Hoeltzenbein, M, Beck, E, Rajwanshi, R, et al. Tocilizumab use in pregnancy: Analysis of a global safety database including data from clinical trials and post-marketing data. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46: 238–245.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies, National Institutes of Health. https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/anti-sars-cov-2-antibody-products/anti-sars-cov-2-monoclonal-antibodies (accessed 20 August 2021)
Google Scholar28. Servante, J, Swallow, G, Thornton, JG, et al. Haemostatic and thrombo-embolic complications in pregnant women with COVID-19: a systematic review and critical analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021; 21: 108.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline29. The REMAP-CAP, ACTIV-4a, and ATTACC Investigators . Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in critically ill patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 777–789.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. The ATTACC, ACTIV-4a, and REMAP-CAP Investigators . Therapeutic anticoagulation with heparin in noncritically ill patients with COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2021; 385: 790–802.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. Zhou, S, Zhou, Y, Cao, X, Ni, X, Du, W, Xu, Z, Liu, Z. The efficacy of high flow nasal oxygenation for maintaining maternal oxygenation during rapid sequence induction in pregnancy: A prospective randomised clinical trial. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2020 Nov 24. Epub ahead of print
Google Scholar32. McHugh, A, El-Khuffash, A, Bussmann, N, Doherty, A, Franklin, O, Breathnach, F. Hyperoxygenation in pregnancy exerts a more profound effect on cardiovascular hemodynamics than is observed in the nonpregnant state. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 220(4): 397.e1–397.e8.
Google Scholar | Crossref33. Cammarota, G, Esposito, T, Azzolina, D, et al. Noninvasive respiratory support outside the intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure related to coronavirus-19 disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care 2021; 25(1): 268.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline34. Keita, H, James, A, Bouvet, L, et al. Clinical, obstetrical and anaesthesia outcomes in pregnant women during the first COVID-19 surge in France: a prospective multicentre observational cohort study. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med 2021: 100937. Online ahead of print.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Rajagopalan, S, Suresh, M, Clark, SL, et al. Airway management for cesarean delivery performed under general anesthesia. Int J Obstet Anesth 2017; 29: 64.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Toker, MK, Altıparmak, B, Karabay, AG. Comparison of the McGrath video laryngoscope and Macintosh direct laryngoscope in obstetric patients: A randomized controlled trial. Pak J Med Sci 2019; 35: 342.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Lapinsky, SE, Rojas-Suarez, JA, Crozier, TM, et al. Mechanical ventilation in critically-ill pregnant women: a case series. Int J Obstet Anesth 2015; 24: 323–8.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Tolcher, MC, McKinney, JR, Eppes, CS, et al. Prone positioning for pregnant women with hypoxemia due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Obstet Gynecol 2020; 136: 259–261.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline39. Lankford, AS, Chow, JH, Jackson, AM, et al. Clinical outcomes of pregnant and postpartum extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients. Anesth Analg 2021; 132: 777–787.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Peeters, LL, Sheldon, RE, Jones, MD, Makowski, EL, Meschia, G. Blood flow to fetal organs as a function of arterial oxygen content. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1979; 135: 637–646.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Hickling, KG . Permissive hypercapnia. Respir Care Clin N Am 2002; 8: 155–69.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline42. Peng, AT, Blancato, LS, Motoyama, EK. Effect of maternal hypocapnia v. eucapnia on the foetus during caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 1972; 44: 1173–8.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI43. Ivankovic, AD, Elam, JO, Huffman, J. Effect of maternal hypercarbia on the newborn infant. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1970; 107: 939–46.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI44. Elsayegh, D, Shapiro, JM. Management of the obstetric patient with status asthmaticus. J Intensive Care Med 2008; 23(6): 396–402.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals45. Levinson, G, Shnider, SM, DeLorimier, AA, Steffenson, JL. Effects of maternal hyperventilation on uterine blood flow and fetal oxygenation and acid–base status. Anesthesiology 1974; 40: 340–7.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI