1. Moran, A, Dunitz, J, Nathan, B, Saeed, A, Holme, B, Thomas, W. Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: current trends in prevalence, incidence, and mortality. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:1626-1631.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI2. Norris, AW, Ode, KL, Merjaneh, L, et al. Survival in a bad neighborhood: pancreatic islets in cystic fibrosis. J Endocrinol. 2019;241:R35-R50.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Lanng, S, Thorsteinsson, B, Nerup, J, Koch, C. Influence of the development of diabetes mellitus on clinical status in patients with cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pediatr. 1992;151:684-687.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI4. Peraldo, M, Fasulo, A, Chiappini, E, Milio, C, Marianelli, L. Evaluation of glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in cystic fibrosis patients. Horm Res. 1998;49:65-71.
Google Scholar | Medline5. Corey, M, McLaughlin, FJ, Williams, M, Levison, H. A comparison of survival, growth, and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis in Boston and Toronto. J Clin Epidemiol. 1988;41:583-591.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI6. Dimitriadis, G, Mitrou, P, Lambadiari, V, Maratou, E, Raptis, SA. Insulin effects in muscle and adipose tissue. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2011;93(Suppl 1):S52-S59.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline7. Lanng, S, Thorsteinsson, B, Nerup, J, Koch, C. Diabetes mellitus in cystic fibrosis: effect of insulin therapy on lung function and infections. Acta Paediatr. 1994;83:849-853.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI8. Pu, MZMH, Christensen-Adad, FC, Gonçalves, AC, Minicucci, WJ, Ribeiro, JD, Ribeiro, AF. Insulin therapy in patients with cystic fibrosis in the pre-diabetes stage: a systematic review. Rev Paul Pediatr (Engl Ed). 2016;34:367-373.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline9. Rafii, M, Chapman, K, Stewart, C, et al. Changes in response to insulin and the effects of varying glucose tolerance on whole-body protein metabolism in patients with cystic fibrosis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81:421-426.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Lim, SM, Choi, DP, Rhee, Y, Kim, HC. Association between obesity indices and insulin resistance among healthy Korean adolescents: the JS High School study. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0125238.
Google Scholar | Medline11. Han, SJ, Boyko, EJ, Kim, SK, Fujimoto, WY, Kahn, SE, Leonetti, DL. Association of thigh muscle mass with insulin resistance and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese Americans. Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42:488-495.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Austin, A, Kalhan, SC, Orenstein, D, Nixon, P, Arslanian, S. Roles of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in cystic fibrosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79:80-85.
Google Scholar | Medline | ISI13. Boudreau, V, Coriati, A, Hammana, I, et al. Variation of glucose tolerance in adult patients with cystic fibrosis: what is the potential contribution of insulin sensitivity? J Cyst Fibros. 2016;15:839-845.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Mathiesen, IH, Hitz, MF, Katzenstein, TL, et al. Markers of bone turnover are reduced in patients with CF related diabetes; the role of glucose. J Cyst Fibros. 2019;18:436-441.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline15. Singh, B, Saxena, A. Surrogate markers of insulin resistance: a review. World J Diabetes. 2010;1:36-47.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Matsuda, M, Defronzo, RA. Study on index for insulin sensitivity. Accessed February 9, 2021. http://mmatsuda.diabetes-smc.jp/english.html
Google Scholar17. DeFronzo, RA, Matsuda, M. Reduced time points to calculate the composite index. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:e93.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline18. Hammana, I, Potvin, S, Tardif, A, Berthiaume, Y, Coderre, L, Rabasa-Lhoret, R. Validation of insulin secretion indices in cystic fibrosis patients. J Cyst Fibros. 2009;8:378-381.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Johansen, MY, Karstoft, K, MacDonald, CS, et al. Effects of an intensive lifestyle intervention on the underlying mechanisms of improved glycaemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a secondary analysis of a randomised clinical trial. Diabetologia. 2020;63:2410-2422.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Lorenzo, C, Wagenknecht, LE, Rewers, MJ, et al. Disposition index, glucose effectiveness, and conversion to type 2 diabetes: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study (IRAS). Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2098-2103.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline21. McAuley, D. GlobalRPh conventional units – international units. Published 1993. Accessed February 1, 2012. https://globalrph.com/medical/conventional-units-international-units/
Google Scholar22. RStudio Team . RStudio: integrated development environment for R. Published 2016. Accessed March 1, 2021. http://www.rstudio.com/
Google Scholar23. R Core Team. R Core Team . R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Published 2019. https://www.r-project.org/
Google Scholar24. McNurlan, MA, Essén, P, Thorell, A, et al. Response of protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle to insulin: an investigation with L-[2H5]phenylalanine. Am J Physiol. 1994;267:E102-E108.
Google Scholar | Medline25. Hardin, DS, LeBlanc, A, Lukenbaugh, S, Para, L, Seilheimer, DK. Proteolysis associated with insulin resistance in cystic fibrosis. Pediatrics. 1998;101:433-437.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI26. Moran, A, Milla, C, Ducret, R, Nair, KS. Protein metabolism in clinically stable adult cystic fibrosis patients with abnormal glucose tolerance. Diabetes. 2001;50:1336-1343.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Hardin, DS, LeBlanc, A, Lukenbough, S, Seilheimer, DK. Insulin resistance is associated with decreased clinical status in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 1997;130:948-956.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI28. Hardin, DS, Leblanc, A, Marshall, G, Seilheimer, DK. Mechanisms of insulin resistance in cystic fibrosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;281:E1022-E1028.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI29. Guttridge, DC, Mayo, MW, Madrid, LV, Wang, CY, Baldwin, J. NF-kappa B-induced loss of MyoD messenger RNA: possible role in muscle decay and cachexia. Science. 2000;289:2363-2366.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI30. Moran, A, Pyzdrowski, KL, Weinreb, J, et al. Insulin sensitivity in cystic fibrosis. Diabetes. 1994;43:1020-1026.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI31. Moran, A, Diem, P, Klein, DJ, Levitt, MD, Robertson, RP. Pancreatic endocrine function in cystic fibrosis. J Pediatr. 1991;118:715-723.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI