Stevenson ARL, Solomon MJ, Lumley JW, Hewett P, Clouston AD, Gebski VJ, Davies L, Wilson K, Hague W, Simes J (2015) Effect of laparoscopic-assisted resection vs open resection on pathological outcomes in rectal cancer: the ALaCaRT randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314(13):1356–1363. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2015.12009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleshman J, Branda M, Sargent DJ, Boller AM, George V, Abbas M, Peters WR, Maun D, Chang G, Herline A, Fichera A, Mutch M, Wexner S, Whiteford M, Marks J, Birnbaum E, Margolin D, Larson D, Marcello P, Posner M, Read T, Monson J, Wren SM, Pisters PWT, Nelson H (2015) Effect of laparoscopic-assisted resection vs open resection of stage II or III rectal cancer on pathologic outcomes: the ACOSOG Z6051 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 314(13):1346–1355. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2015.10529

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Du Y, Long Q, Guan B, Mu L, Tian J, Jiang Y, Bai X, Wu D (2018) Robot-assisted radical prostatectomy is more beneficial for prostate cancer patients: a system review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 24:272. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.907092

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma J, Xu W, Chen R, Zhu Y, Wang Y, Cao W, Ju G, Ren J, Ye X, He Q, Chang Y, Ren S (2023) Robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: the first separate systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials and non-randomised studies. Int J Surg (London, England) 109(5):1350–1359. https://doi.org/10.1097/JS9.0000000000000193

Article  Google Scholar 

Lee GI, Lee MR, Green I, Allaf M, Marohn MR (2017) Surgeons’ physical discomfort and symptoms during robotic surgery: a comprehensive ergonomic survey study. Surg Endosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-016-5160-y

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Van Der Schatte Olivier RH, Van’t Hullenaar CDP, Ruurda JP, Broeders IAMJ (2009) Ergonomics, user comfort, and performance in standard and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery. Surg Endosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-008-0184-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wee IJY, Kuo LJ, Ngu JCY (2020) A systematic review of the true benefit of robotic surgery: ergonomics. Int J Med Robot Comput Assist Surg. https://doi.org/10.1002/rcs.2113

Article  Google Scholar 

Childers CP, Maggard-Gibbons M (2018) Estimation of the acquisition and operating costs for robotic surgery. JAMA 320(8):835–836. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2018.9219

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ng AP, Sanaiha Y, Bakhtiyar SS, Ebrahimian S, Branche C, Benharash P (2023) National analysis of cost disparities in robotic-assisted versus laparoscopic abdominal operations. Surgery (United States) 173(6):1340–1345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surg.2023.02.016

Article  Google Scholar 

Jayne D, Pigazzi A, Marshall H, Croft J, Corrigan N, Copeland J, Quirke P, West N, Rautio T, Thomassen N, Tilney H, Gudgeon M, Bianchi PP, Edlin R, Hulme C, Brown J (2017) Effect of robotic-assisted vs conventional laparoscopic surgery on risk of conversion to open laparotomy among patients undergoing resection for rectal cancer: the ROLARR randomized clinical trial. JAMA 318(16):1569–1580. https://doi.org/10.1001/JAMA.2017.7219

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Armijo PR, Huang CK, High R, Leon M, Siu KC, Oleynikov D (2019) Ergonomics of minimally invasive surgery: an analysis of muscle effort and fatigue in the operating room between laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Surg Endosc. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-018-6515-3

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleshman J, Branda ME, Sargent DJ, Boller AM, George VV, Abbas MA, Peters WR, Maun DC, Chang GJ, Herline A, Fichera A, Mutch MG, Wexner SD, Whiteford MH, Marks J, Birnbaum E, Margolin DA, Larson DW, Marcello PW, Posner MC, Read TE, Monson JRT, Wren SM, Pisters PWT, Nelson H (2019) Disease-free survival and local recurrence for laparoscopic resection compared with open resection of stage II to III rectal cancer: follow-up results of the ACOSOG Z6051 randomized controlled trial. Ann Surg 269(4):589–595. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003002

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stevenson ARL, Solomon MJ, Brown CSB, Lumley JW, Hewett P, Clouston AD, Gebski VJ, Wilson K, Hague W, Simes J (2019) Disease-free survival and local recurrence after laparoscopic-assisted resection or open resection for rectal cancer: the Australasian laparoscopic cancer of the rectum randomized clinical trial. Ann Surg 269(4):596–602. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0000000000003021

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Pas MHGM, Haglind E, Cuesta MA, Fürst A, Lacy AM, Hop WCJ, Bonjer HJ (2013) Laparoscopic versus open surgery for rectal cancer (COLOR II): short-term outcomes of a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol 14(3):210–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(13)70016-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jeong SY, Park JW, Nam BH, Kim S, Kang SB, Lim SB, Choi HS, Kim DW, Chang HJ, Kim DY, Jung KH, Kim TY, Kang GH, Chie EK, Kim SY, Sohn DK, Kim DH, Kim JS, Lee HS, Kim JH, Oh JH (2014) Open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid-rectal or low-rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (COREAN trial): survival outcomes of an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 15(7):767–774. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70205-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kang SB, Park JW, Jeong SY, Nam BH, Choi HS, Kim DW, Lim SB, Lee TG, Kim DY, Kim JS, Chang HJ, Lee HS, Kim SY, Jung KH, Hong YS, Kim JH, Sohn DK, Kim DH, Oh JH (2010) Open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid or low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (COREAN trial): short-term outcomes of an open-label randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 11(7):637–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(10)70131-5

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park J, Kang S-B, Hao J, Lim S-B, Choi H, Kim D-W, Chang H, Kim D, Jung K, Kim T-Y, Kang G, Chie E, Kim S, Sohn D, Kim J-S, Lee H, Kim J, Jeong S-Y, Oh J (2021) Open versus laparoscopic surgery for mid or low rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (COREAN trial): 10-year follow-up of an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-1253(21)00094-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giesen LJX, Dekker JWT, Verseveld M, Crolla RMPH, van der Schelling GP, Verhoef C, Olthof PB (2023) Implementation of robotic rectal cancer surgery: a cross-sectional nationwide study. Surg Endosc 37(2):912–920. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00464-022-09568-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Cao G, Mao W, Lao W, He C (2020) Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cancer Res Ther 16(5):979–989. https://doi.org/10.4103/JCRT.JCRT_533_18

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Gao G, Liang Y, Li T, Li T (2023) Safety and feasibility of robotic surgery for old rectal cancer patients. Update Surg 75(5):1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13304-023-01504-9

Article  Google Scholar 

Parascandola SA, Hota S, Sparks AD, Boulos S, Cavallo K, Kim G, Obias V (2021) Trends in utilization, conversion rates, and outcomes for minimally invasive approaches to non-metastatic rectal cancer: a national cancer database analysis. Surg Endosc 35(6):3154–3165. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00464-020-07756-5/TABLES/6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chapman BC, Edgcomb M, Gleisner A, Vogel JD (2020) Outcomes in rectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic low anterior resection compared to open: a propensity-matched analysis of the NCDB (2010–2015). Surg Endosc 34(11):4754–4771. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00464-019-07252-5/TABLES/6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xu Z, Berho ME, Becerra AZ, Aquina CT, Hensley BJ, Arsalanizadeh R, Noyes K, Monson JRT, Fleming FJ (2017) Lymph node yield is an independent predictor of survival in rectal cancer regardless of receipt of neoadjuvant therapy. J Clin Pathol 70(7):584–592. https://doi.org/10.1136/JCLINPATH-2016-203995

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leonard D, Remue C, Abbes Orabi N, van Maanen A, Danse E, Dragean A, Debetancourt D, Humblet Y, Jouret-Mourin A, Maddalena F, Medina Benites A, Scalliet P, Sempoux C, Van den Eynde M, De Schoutheete JC, Kartheuser A (2016) Lymph node ratio and surgical quality are strong prognostic factors of rectal cancer: results from a single referral centre. Colorectal Dis 18(6):O175–O184. https://doi.org/10.1111/CODI.13362

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lykke J, Jess P, Roikjaer O (2015) Increased lymph node yield is associated with improved survival in rectal cancer irrespective of neoadjuvant treatment: results from a national cohort study. Dis Colon Rectum 58(9):823–830. https://doi.org/10.1097/DCR.0000000000000429

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhangu A, Ali SM, Darzi A, Brown G, Tekkis PP (2012) Meta-analysis of survival based on resection margin status following surgery for recurrent rectal cancer. Colorectal Dis 14(12):1457–1466. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1463-1318.2012.03005.X

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukkai Krishnamurty D, Wise PE (2016) Importance of surgical margins in rectal cancer. J Surg Oncol 113(3):323–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/JSO.24136

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar