The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) User Guide: a five-step guide for conducting implementation research using the framework

Damschroder LJ, Aron DC, Keith RE, Kirsh SR, Alexander JA, Lowery JC. Fostering implementation of health services research findings into practice: a consolidated framework for advancing implementation science. Implement Sci IS. 2009;4:50.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, Widerquist MAO, Lowery J. The updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research based on user feedback. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):75.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nilsen P, Birken S. Handbook on Implementation Science. Edward Elgar Publishing; 2020 Cited 2022 Nov 4. Available from: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/edcoll/9781788975988/9781788975988.xml

Skolarus TA, Lehmann T, Tabak RG, Harris J, Lecy J, Sales AE. Assessing citation networks for dissemination and implementation research frameworks. Implement Sci. 2017;12(1):97.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kislov R, Pope C, Martin GP, Wilson PM. Harnessing the power of theorising in implementation science. Implement Sci. 2019;14(1):103 s13012–019–0957–4.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, OpraWiderquist MA, Lowery J. Conceptualizing outcomes for use with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): the CFIR Outcomes Addendum. Implement Sci. 2022;17(1):7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bauer MS, Damschroder L, Hagedorn H, Smith J, Kilbourne AM. An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist. BMC Psychol. 2015;3(1):32.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Curran GM. Implementation science made too simple: a teaching tool. Implement Sci Commun. 2020;1(1):27.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nilsen P. Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implement Sci. 2015;10(1):53.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Curran GM, Bauer M, Mittman B, Pyne JM, Stetler C. Effectiveness-implementation Hybrid Designs: Combining Elements of Clinical Effectiveness and Implementation Research to Enhance Public Health Impact. Med Care. 2012;50(3):217–26.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lewis CC, Klasnja P, Powell BJ, Lyon AR, Tuzzio L, Jones S, et al. From Classification to Causality: Advancing Understanding of Mechanisms of Change in Implementation Science. Front Public Health. 2018;6:136.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Landes SJ, McBain SA, Curran GM. An introduction to effectiveness-implementation hybrid designs. Psychiatry Res. 2019;280: 112513.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kim B, Sullivan JL, Ritchie MJ, Connolly SL, Drummond KL, Miller CJ, et al. Comparing variations in implementation processes and influences across multiple sites: What works, for whom, and how? Psychiatry Res. 2020;283: 112520.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gustafson P, Abdul Aziz Y, Lambert M, Bartholomew K, Rankin N, Fusheini A, et al. A scoping review of equity-focused implementation theories, models and frameworks in healthcare and their application in addressing ethnicity-related health inequities. Implement Sci. 2023;18(1):51.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bradley CD, Irie WC, Geng EH. Situating implementation science (IS) in res(IS)tance: a conceptual frame toward the integration of scholarship from the black radical tradition. Front Public Health. 2024;11:1286156.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Allen M, Wilhelm A, Ortega LE, Pergament S, Bates N, Cunningham B. Applying a Race(ism)-Conscious Adaptation of the CFIR Framework to Understand Implementation of a School-Based Equity-Oriented Intervention. Ethn Dis. 2021;31(Suppl):375–88.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Pinnock H, Barwick M, Carpenter CR, Eldridge S, Grandes G, Griffiths CJ, et al. Standards for Reporting Implementation Studies (StaRI) Statement. BMJ. 2017;356:i6795.https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i6795. PMID: 28264797; PMCID: PMC5421438

Rosenblum RE, Rogal SS, Park ER, Impagliazzo C, Abdulhay LB, Grosse PJ, et al. National Survey Using CFIR to Assess Early Outpatient Specialty Palliative Care Implementation. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2023;65(3):e175–80.

Robinson C, Damschroder LJ. A Pragmatic Context Assessment Tool (pCAT): Using a think aloud method to develop a practical assessment of contextual barriers to change [Internet]. In Review; 2022 Cited 2022 Jul 26. Available from: https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-1696597/v1.

Fernandez ME, Walker TJ, Weiner BJ, Calo WA, Liang S, Risendal B, et al. Developing measures to assess constructs from the Inner Setting domain of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implement Sci. 2018;13(1):52.

Reardon CM, Rogal SS, Rosenblum RE, Nevedal AL, Chinman MJ. Applying the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). In: Nilsen P, editor. Implementation Science: Theory and Application. Abingdon, Oxfordshire: Routledge; 2024.

Kirk MA, Kelley C, Yankey N, Birken SA, Abadie B, Damschroder L. A systematic review of the use of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. Implement Sci. 2016;17(11):72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-016-0437-z. PMID: 27189233; PMCID: PMC4869309.

Palinkas LA, Horwitz SM, Green CA, Wisdom JP, Duan N, Hoagwood K. Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2015;42(5):533–44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reilly KL, Kennedy S, Porter G, Estabrooks P. Comparing, Contrasting, and Integrating Dissemination and Implementation Outcomes Included in the RE-AIM and Implementation Outcomes Frameworks. Front Public Health. 2020;8:430.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Helfrich CD, Li YF, Sharp ND, Sales AE. Organizational readiness to change assessment (ORCA): Development of an instrument based on the Promoting Action on Research in Health Services (PARIHS) framework. Implement Sci. 2009;4(1):38.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brinkmann S. Qualitative Interviewing. Oxford University Press; 2013 Cited 2024 Jul 19. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/book/1760

Adler PA, Adler P, Weiss RS. Learning from Strangers: The Art and Method of Qualitative Interview Studies. Contemp Sociol. 1995;24(3):420.

Acocella I, Cataldi S. Using Focus Groups: Theory, Methodology, Practice. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP: SAGE Publications Ltd; 2021 Cited 2024 Jul 19. Available from: https://methods.sagepub.com/book/using-focus-groups

Mays N, Pope C. Qualitative Research: Observational methods in health care settings. BMJ. 1995;311(6998):182–4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Oswald D, Sherratt F, Smith S. Handling the Hawthorne effect: The challenges surrounding a participant observer. Rev Soc Stud. 2014;1(1):53–74.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fix GM, Kim B, Ruben MA, McCullough MB. Direct observation methods: A practical guide for health researchers. PEC Innov. 2022;1: 100036.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Palinkas LA, Zatzick D. Rapid Assessment Procedure Informed Clinical Ethnography (RAPICE) in Pragmatic Clinical Trials of Mental Health Services Implementation: Methods and Applied Case Study. Adm Policy Ment Health Ment Health Serv Res. 2019;46(2):255–70.

Article  Google Scholar 

Haines ER, Kirk MA, Lux L, Smitherman AB, Powell BJ, Dopp A, et al. Ethnography and user-centered design to inform context-driven implementation. Transl Behav Med. 2022;12(1):ibab077.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Finley EP, Huynh AK, Farmer MM, Bean-Mayberry B, Moin T, Oishi SM, et al. Periodic reflections: a method of guided discussions for documenting implementation phenomena. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2018;18(1):153.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Grant A. Doing your research project with documents: a step-by-step guide to take you from start to finish. Bristol: Policy Press, an imprint of Bristol University Press; 2022.

Book  Google Scholar 

Rea LM, Parker RA. Designing and conducting survey research: a comprehensive guide. Fourth edition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, a Wiley brand; 2014. p 332.

Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, Sperber N, Robinson CH, Fickel JJ, Oddone EZ. Implementation evaluation of the Telephone Lifestyle Coaching (TLC) program: organizational factors associated with successful implementation. Transl Behav Med. 2017;7(2):233–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damschroder LJ, Goodrich DE, Robinson CH, Fletcher CE, Lowery JC. A systematic exploration of differences in contextual factors related to implementing the MOVE! weight management program in VA: A mixed methods study. BMC Health Serv Res. 2011;11(1):248.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Damschroder LJ, Reardon CM, AuYoung M, Moin T, Datta SK, Sparks JB, et al. Implementation findings from a hybrid III implementation-effectiveness trial of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Implement Sci. 2017;12(1):94.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cannon JS, Gilbert M, Ebener P, Malone PS, Reardon CM, Acosta J, et al. Influence of an Implementation Support Intervention on Barriers and Facilitators to Delivery of a Substance Use Prevention Program. Prev Sci. 2019;20(8):1200–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nevedal AL, Reardon CM, Jackson GL, Cutrona SL, White B, Gifford AL, et al. Implementation and sustainment of diverse practices in a large integrated health system: a mixed methods study. Implement Sci Commun. 20

Comments (0)

No login
gif