Clinical data including reoperation rates are comparable for lumbar patients after decompression-alone or decompression-with-fusion surgeries. However, there could exist different mechanisms causing complications after the two surgeries. We discussed research and technology development perspectives for improvement of the surgeries using published clinical outcome data.

DDD

Low back pain

Lumbar decompression

Lumbar degenerative disease

Lumbar fusion

Lumbar spine

Spine biomechanics

© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.