The unique ability of optical vortices (OVs) to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) has introduced an additional photonic degree of freedom, making them highly valuable for numerous advanced optical technologies. This property has catalyzed significant research into the generation and application of OVs, with vortex beam-based technologies demonstrating considerable potential in fields such as optical tweezers [[1], [2], [3], [4]], optical trapping [5], and optical communications [6]. Unlike conventional vortex beams, which carry a single-phase singularity, optical vortex lattices (OVLs) feature an array of phase singularities, enabling parallel data processing. This unique configuration makes OVLs particularly attractive for applications requiring simultaneous manipulation or analysis of multiple spatial data points [[7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20]].

The generation of OVLs is often achieved through the superposition of structural beams such as Ince-Gaussian (IG) [[21], [22], [23]], Laguerre-Gaussian [24], Bessel [25], and perfect OV [26,27] beams. Among these, helical Ince-Gaussian (HIG) modes—formed by combining even and odd IG beams—are notable for their self-similarity, high degrees of freedom, and intricate lateral amplitude distributions. These beams, due to their inherent OAM, have found utility in optical tweezers and atomic traps. For instance, Mike et al. demonstrated that IG beams can assemble and organize multiple particles, fixing them in place through optical forces. However, the absence of OAM in standard IG beams prevented the particles from rotating [28]. To address this, Fan et al. introduced a flower-shaped optical vortex array generated by combining even and odd IG beams of identical degrees but differing orders. Nevertheless, the OVs in such arrays were found to destabilize during propagation [29]. This highlights the critical need for methods that generate stable OVLs with sufficient robustness to maintain their structure over long transmission distances.

In addition to stability, the self-healing properties of OVLs are a pivotal advantage that distinguishes them from other structured beams. Self-healing refers to the ability of an optical field to reconstruct itself after encountering disruptions or obstructions. This phenomenon arises from the redistribution of energy within the beam's complex modal structure, enabling the optical field to restore its original amplitude, phase, and vortex lattice arrangement. Recent studies have demonstrated that OVLs exhibit superior self-healing compared to single-mode beams, largely due to their high modal diversity and structured intensity profile. Such resilience makes OVLs especially suitable for practical applications in noisy or obstructed environments, such as optical communication systems and high-precision optical measurements.

In this study, we present an innovative approach to generating stable OVLs by superimposing even IG beams with phase conjugated odd IG beams under specific parameters. By controlling the degree and order of the superimposed beams, we achieved tunable OVLs with adaptable shapes and vortex arrangements. Furthermore, we analyzed the dynamic evolution of these OVLs during free-space propagation, observing that the optical field expands and the number of embedded vortices increases with transmission distance. Finally, the self-healing properties of the OVLs were investigated, demonstrating their ability to recover their structure after significant obstructions. These findings underscore the potential of OVLs for applications in optical manipulation, robust data transmission, and high-precision measurements.