Yan X., Zhou M., Yu S., Jin Z., Zhao K. 2020. An overview of biodegradable nanomaterials and applications in vaccines. Vaccine. 38, 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.031

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aida V., Pliasas V.C., Neasham P.J., North J.F., McWhorter K.L., Glover S.R., Kyriakis C.S. 2021. Novel vaccine technologies in veterinary medicine: A herald to human medicine vaccines. Front. Vet. Sci. 8, 654289. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.654289

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lampinen V., Heinimäki S., Laitinen O.H., Pesu M., Hankaniemi M.M., Blazevic V., Hytönen V.P. 2021. Modular vaccine platform based on the norovirus-like particle. J. Nanobiotechnol. 19, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-021-00772-0

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Noad R., Roy P. 2003. Virus-like particles as immunogens. Trends Microbiol. 11, 438–444. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0966-842x(03)00208-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brisse M., Vrba S.M., Kirk N., Liang Y., Ly H. 2020. Emerging concepts and technologies in vaccine development. Front. Immunol. 11, 2578. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.583077

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hyman P., Trubl G., Abedon S.T. 2021. Virus-like particle: Evolving meanings in different disciplines. Phage (New Rochelle). 2(1), 11‒15. https://doi.org/10.1089/phage.2020.0026

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bancroft J.B., Wagner G.W., Bracker C.E. 1968. The self-assembly of a nucleic-acid free pseudo-top component for a small spherical virus. Virology. 36, 146‒149. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(68)90126-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erickson J.W., Bancroft J.B., Horne R.W. 1976. The assembly of papaya mosaic virus protein. Virology. 72, 514‒517. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6822(76)90180-X

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mohsen M.O., Zha L., Cabral-Miranda G., Bachmann M.F. 2017. Major findings and recent advances in virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines. Semin. Immunol. 34, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smim.2017.08.014

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang L., Xu W., Ma X., Sun X., Fan J., Wang Y. 2023. Virus-like particles as antiviral vaccine: Mechanism, design, and application. Biotechnol. Bioprocess Eng. 28 (1), 1‒16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12257-022-0107-8

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Syomin B.V., Ilyin Y.V. 2019. Virus-like particles as an instrument of vaccine production. Mol. Biol. 53 (3), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0026893319030154

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang Z., Chen Q., Hjelm B., Arntzen C., Mason H.A. 2009. DNA replicon system for rapid high-level production of virus-like particles in plants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 103, 706–714. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22299

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

He J., Lai H., Brock C., Chen Q. 2012. A novel system for rapid and cost-effective production of detection and diagnostic reagents of West Nile virus in plants. J. Biomed. Biotechnol. 2012 , 106783. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/106783

Santi L., Batchelor L., Huang Z., Hjelm B., Kilbourne J., Arntzen C.J., Chen Q., Mason H.S. 2008. An efficient plant viral expression system generating orally immunogenic Norwalk virus-like particles. Vaccine. 26, 1846–1854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.01.053

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chroboczek J., Szurgot I., Szolajska E. 2014. Virus-like particles as vaccine. Acta Biochim. Pol. 61 (3), 531–539. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2014_1875

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naskalska A., Pyrc K. 2015. Virus like particles as immunogens and universal nanocarriers. Pol. J. Microbiol. 64, 3–13.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Keikha R., Daliri K., Jebali A. 2021. The use of nanobiotechnology in immunology and vaccination. Vaccines (Basel). 9, 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9020074

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bundy B.C., Swartz J.R. 2011. Efficient disulfide bond formation in virus-like particles. J. Biotechnol. 154, 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2011.04.011

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bundy B.C., Franciszkowicz M.J., Swartz J.R. 2008. Escherichia coli-based cell-free synthesis of virus-like particles. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 100, 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.21716

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lua L.H., Connors N.K., Sainsbury F., Chuan Y.P., Wibowo N., Middelberg A.P. 2014. Bioengineering virus-like particles as vaccines. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 111, 425–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.25159

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li H.-Y., Han J.-F., Qin C.-F., Chen R. 2013. Virus-like particles for enterovirus 71 produced from Saccharomyces cerevisiae potently elicits protective immune responses in mice. Vaccine. 31, 3281–3287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.019

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fernandes F., Teixeira A.P., Carinhas N., Carrondo M.J., Alves P.M. 2013. Insect cells as a production platform of complex virus-like particles. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 12, 225‒236. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.12.153

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scotti N., Rybicki E.P. 2013. Virus-like particles produced in plants as potential vaccines. Expert Rev. Vaccines. 12, 211‒224. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.12.147

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

French T., Roy P. 1990. Synthesis of bluetongue virus (BTV) corelike particles by a recombinant baculovirus expressing the two major structural core proteins of BTV. J. Virol. 64, 1530–1536. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.64.4.1530-1536.1990

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lin Y.-L., Yu C.-I., Hu Y.-C., Tsai T.-J., Kuo Y.-C., Chi W.-K., Lin A.N., Chiang B.L. 2012. Enterovirus type 71 neutralizing antibodies in the serum of macaque monkeys immunized with EV71 virus-like particles. Vaccine. 30, 1305–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.081

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brautigam S., Snezhkov E., Bishop D.H. 1993. Formation of poliovirus-like particles by recombinant baculoviruses expressing the individual VP0, VP3, and VP1 proteins by comparison to particles derived from the expressed poliovirus polyprotein. Virology. 192, 512–524. https://doi.org/10.1006/viro.1993.1067

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vieira H.L., Estevao C., Roldao A., Peixoto C.C., Sousa M.F., Cruz P.E., Carrondo M.J., Alves P.M. 2005. Triple layered rotavirus VLP production: Kinetics of vector replication, mRNA stability and recombinant protein production. J. Biotechnol. 120, 72–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.03.026

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirnbauer R., Taub J., Greenstone H., Roden R., Durst M., Gissmann L., Lowy D.R., Schiller J.T. 1993. Efficient self-assembly of human papillomavirus type 16 L1 and L1–L2 into virus-like particles. J. Virol. 67, 6929–6936. https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.12.6929-6936.1993

Article  CAS  PubMed