The Urban–Rural Divide in Neurocritical Care in Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries

Strasser R, Kam SM, Regalado SM. Rural health care access and policy in developing countries. Annu Rev Public Health. 2016;37(1):395–412.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

James CV, Moonesinghe R, Wilson-Frederick SM, Hall JE, Penman-Aguilar A, Bouye K. Racial/ethnic health disparities among rural adults-United States, 2012-2015: MMWR Surveillance Summaries / November 17, 2017 / 66(23);1-9. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2018;29(1):19–34

Pham X, Ray J, Neto AS, Laing J, Perucca P, Kwan P, et al. Association of neurocritical care services with mortality and functional outcomes for adults with brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79(10):1049–58.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shrestha GS, Nepal G, Prabhakar H, Prust ML. Cost-effectiveness of neurocritical care in settings with limited resources. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(9): e1343.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cubro H, Somun-Kapetanovic R, Thiery G, Talmor D, Gajic O. Cost effectiveness of intensive care in a low resource setting: a prospective cohort of medical critically ill patients. World J Crit Care Med. 2016;5(2):150–64.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Raj R, Bendel S, Reinikainen M, Hoppu S, Laitio R, Ala-Kokko T, et al. Costs, outcome and cost-effectiveness of neurocritical care: a multi-center observational study. Crit Care. 2018;22(1):225.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Harrison DA, Prabhu G, Grieve R, Harvey SE, Sadique MZ, Gomes M, et al. Risk Adjustment In Neurocritical care (RAIN)—prospective validation of risk prediction models for adult patients with acute traumatic brain injury to use to evaluate the optimum location and comparative costs of neurocritical care: a cohort study. Health Technol Assess. 2013;17(23):vii–viii.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yeary J, Garavaglia J, McKnight R, Smith M. Change in management of status epilepticus with the addition of neurointensivist-led neurocritical care team at a rural academic medical center. Hosp Pharm. 2018;53(5):303–7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nielsen M, D’Agostino D, Gregory P. Addressing rural health challenges head on. Mo Med. 2017;114(5):363–6.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Haub C, Kaneda T. 2014 World Population Data Sheet. Washington (DC): Population Reference Bureau; 2014); and United Nations Population Division, World Urbanization Prospects: The 2014 Revision (New York: UN, 2014).

https://ourworldindata.org/from-1-90-to-2-15-a-day-the-updated-international-poverty-line. Accessed on 26 Feb 2024.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS. Accessed on 26 Feb 2024.

https://www.itu.int/itu-d/reports/statistics/2021/11/15/internet-use-in-urban-and-rural-areas/. Accessed on 26 Feb 2024.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS?locations=XL. Accessed on 26 Feb 2024.

https://www.prb.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/urban-rural-datasheet.pdf. Accessed on 26 Feb 2024.

https://desapublications.un.org/publications/world-social-report-2021-reconsidering-rural-development.

Kamalakannan S, Gudlavalleti AS, Gudlavalleti VS, Goenka S, Kuper H. Incidence & prevalence of stroke in India: a systematic review. Indian J Med Res. 2017;146(2):175–85.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McCarty CA, Renier CM, Woehrle TA, Vogel LE, Eyer SD. Epidemiology of traumatic brain injuries at a rural-serving level II trauma center, 2004–2016. Brain Inj. 2022;36(1):87–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alanazy AR, Wark S, Fraser J, Nagle A. Factors impacting patient outcomes associated with use of emergency medical services operating in urban versus rural areas: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(10):1728.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Saver JL. Time is brain—quantified. Stroke. 2006;37(1):263–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lemesle M, Giroud M, Menassa M, Milan C, Dumas R. Incidence and case-fatality rates of stroke in Burgundy (France). Comparison between a rural (Avallon) and an urban (Dijon) population between 1989 and 1993. Eur J Neurol. 1996;3(2):109–15.

Article  Google Scholar 

Li Y, Zhang X, Sang H, Niu X, Liu T, Liu W, et al. Urban-rural differences in risk factors for ischemic stroke in northern China. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(21): e15782.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casey MM, Thiede Call K, Klingner JM. Are rural residents less likely to obtain recommended preventive healthcare services? Am J Prev Med. 2001;21(3):182–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Joubert J, Prentice LF, Moulin T, Liaw ST, Joubert LB, Preux PM, et al. Stroke in rural areas and small communities. Stroke. 2008;39(6):1920–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gebhardt JG, Norris TE. Acute stroke care at rural hospitals in Idaho: challenges in expediting stroke care. J Rural Health. 2006;22(1):88–91.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hammond G, Luke AA, Elson L, Towfighi A, Joynt Maddox KE. Urban-rural inequities in acute stroke care and in-hospital mortality. Stroke. 2020;51(7):2131–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bahnasy WS, Ragab OAA, Elhassanien ME. Stroke onset to needle delay: where these golden hours are lost? An Egyptian center experience. eNeurologicalSci. 2019;14:68–71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abu-Hegazy M, Elmenshawi I, Saad M. Barriers for acute ischemic stroke treatment using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in Mansoura Emergency Hospital: prehospital and in hospital delay factors. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatry Neurosurg. 2016;53(4):263–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jauch EC, Schwamm LH, Panagos PD, Barbazzeni J, Dickson R, Dunne R, et al. Prehospital stroke system of care consensus conference. Recommendations for regional stroke destination plans in rural, suburban, and urban communities from the prehospital stroke system of care consensus conference: a consensus statement from the American Academy of Neurology, American Heart Association/American Stroke Association, American Society of Neuroradiology, National Association of EMS Physicians, National Association of State EMS Officials, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, and Society of Vascular and Interventional Neurology: Endorsed by the Neurocritical Care Society. Stroke. 2021;52(5):e133–52. Erratum in: Stroke. 2021;52(7):e481.

Alberts MJ, Wechsler LR, Jensen ME, Latchaw RE, Crocco TJ, George MG, et al. Formation and function of acute stroke-ready hospitals within a stroke system of care recommendations from the brain attack coalition. Stroke. 2013;44(12):3382–93.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Owolabi MO, Thrift AG, Martins S, Johnson W, Pandian J, Abd-Allah F, et al. Stroke Experts Collaboration Group. The state of stroke services across the globe: report of World Stroke Organization-World Health Organization surveys. Int J Stroke. 2021;16(8):889–901.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gill M, Cadilhac DA, Pollack M, Levi CR. Evaluation of NSW rural stroke services 2006-phase 1 of the NSW Rural Stroke Program. Sydney (Australia): NSW Health; 2007.

Daugherty J, Zhou H, Sarmiento K, Waltzman D. Differences in state traumatic brain injury-related deaths, by principal mechanism of injury, intent, and percentage of population living in rural areas—United States, 2016–2018. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(41):1447–52.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shibahashi K, Ohbe H, Yasunaga H. Urban-rural inequalities in care and outcomes of severe traumatic brain injury: a nationwide inpatient database analysis in Japan. World Neurosurg. 2022;163:e628–34.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sasmal PK, Mohanty CR, Jain M, Radhakrishnan RV, Sahoo S, Krishna VS, et al. The effect of ‘THE MOTOR VEHICLES (AMENDMENT) ACT, 2019’ on the clinico-epidemiological profile of road traffic accident patients presenting to a tertiary care trauma centre in Bhubaneswar. J Fam Med Prim Care. 2020;9(7):3682–7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yue JK, Upadhyayula PS, Avalos LN, Phelps RR, Suen CG, Cage TA. Concussion and mild-traumatic brain injury in rural settings: epidemiology and specific health care considerations. J Neurosci Rural Pract. 2020;11(1):23–33.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Punchak M, Mukhopadhyay S, Sachdev S, Hung YC, Peeters S, Rattani A, et al. Neurosurgical care: availability and access in low-income and middle-income countries. World Neurosurg. 2018;112:e240–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heng YW, Yiek SH, Tan BP, Yap NKB. Review of neurosurgical services in a rural area of Sarawak, Malaysia: the benefits, prospects and challenges. Interdiscip Neurosurg. 2022;28: 101490.

Article  Google Scholar 

Espinosa-Jovel C, Toledano R, Aledo-Serrano Á, García-Morales I, Gil-Nagel A. Epidemiological profile of epilepsy in low income populations. Seizure. 2018;56:67–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Newton CR, Garcia HH. Epilepsy in poor regions of the world. Lancet. 2012;380(9848):1193–201.

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif