Wong QYA, Chew FT. Defining skin aging and its risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021;11:2075.

Article  Google Scholar 

Farage MA, Miller KW, Elsner P, Maibach HI. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors in skin ageing: a review. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2008;30:87–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang S, Duan E. Fighting against skin aging: the way from bench to bedside. Cell Transplant. 2018;27:729.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ganceviciene R, Liakou AI, Theodoridis A, Makrantonaki E, Zouboulis CC. Skin anti-aging strategies. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4:308–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fenske NA, Lober CW. Structural and functional changes of normal aging skin. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:571–85.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jo H, Brito S, Kwak BM, Park S, Lee MG, Bin BH. Applications of mesenchymal stem cells in skin regeneration and rejuvenation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:2410.

Article  Google Scholar 

Zarei F, Abbaszadeh A. Application of cell therapy for anti-aging facial skin. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther. 2019;14:244–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mushahary D, Spittler A, Kasper C, Weber V, Charwat V. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Cytometry A. 2018;93:19–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Camilleri ET, Gustafson MP, Dudakovic A, Riester SM, Garces CG, Paradise CR, et al. Identification and validation of multiple cell surface markers of clinical-grade adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells as novel release criteria for good manufacturing practice-compliant production. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2016;7:107.

Article  Google Scholar 

Charles-De-Sá L, Gontijo-De-Amorim NF, Maeda Takiya C, Borojevic R, Benati D, Bernardi P, et al. Antiaging treatment of the facial skin by fat graft and adipose-derived stem cells. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015;135:999–1009.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schneider I, Calcagni M, Buschmann J. Adipose-derived stem cells applied in skin diseases, wound healing and skin defects: a review. Cytotherapy. 2023;25:105–19.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kim WS, Park BS, Park SH, Kim HK, Sung JH. Antiwrinkle effect of adipose-derived stem cell: activation of dermal fibroblast by secretory factors. J Dermatol Sci. 2009;53:96–102.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Noordam R, Gunn DA, Tomlin CC, Maier AB, Mooijaart SP, Slagboom PE, et al. High serum glucose levels are associated with a higher perceived age. Age. 2013;35:189–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gkogkolou P, Böhm M. Advanced glycation end products. Dermatoendocrinol. 2012;4:259–70.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Acosta PB, Gross KC. Hidden sources of galactose in the environment. Eur J Pediatr. 1995;154:87–92.

Article  Google Scholar 

Umbayev B, Askarova S, Almabayeva A, Saliev T, Masoud AR, Bulanin D. Galactose-induced skin aging: the role of oxidative stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2020;2020:23–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Wasityastuti W, Habib NA, Sari DCR, Arfian N. Effects of low and moderate treadmill exercise on liver of d-galactose-exposed aging rat model. Physiol Rep. 2019;7:e14279.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Liu X, Pan J, Zhao Q, Li Y, Gao W, et al. Anti-aging effect of brown black wolfberry on Drosophila melanogaster and d-galactose-induced aging mice. J Funct Foods. 2020;65:103724.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Habib SA, Kamal MM, El-Maraghy SA, Senousy MA. Exendin-4 enhances osteogenic differentiation of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells through the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B and osteoprotegerin signaling pathway. J Cell Biochem. 2022;123:906–20.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mukhamedshina YO, Akhmetzyanova ER, Kostennikov AA, Zakirova EY, Galieva LR, Garanina EE, et al. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell application combined with fibrin matrix promotes structural and functional recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Front Pharmacol. 2018;9:327211.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kassem DH, Habib SA, Badr OI, Kamal MM. Isolation of rat adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells for differentiation into insulin-producing cells. J Vis Exp. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3791/63348.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dominici M, Le Blanc K, Mueller I, Slaper-Cortenbach I, Marini FC, Krause DS, et al. Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The international society for cellular therapy position statement. Cytotherapy. 2006;8:315–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sohn SJ, Yu JM, Lee EY, Nam YJ, Kim J, Kang S, et al. Anti-aging properties of conditioned media of epidermal progenitor cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells. Dermatol Ther. 2018;8:229–44.

Article  Google Scholar 

Song X, Bao M, Li D, Li YM. Advanced glycation in d-galactose induced mouse aging model. Mech Ageing Dev. 1999;108:239–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ye Y, Jia RR, Tang L, Chen F. In vivo antioxidant and anti-skin-aging activities of ethyl acetate extraction from Idesia polycarpa defatted fruit residue in aging mice induced by d-galactose. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2014;2014:185716.

Google Scholar 

Utaş S, Köse K, Yazici C, Akdaş A, Keleştimur F. Antioxidant potential of propylthiouracil in patients with psoriasis. Clin Biochem. 2002;35:241–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okayama Y. Oxidative stress in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005;4:517–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Rio D, Stewart AJ, Pellegrini N. A review of recent studies on malondialdehyde as toxic molecule and biological marker of oxidative stress. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2005;15:316–28.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brownell I, Guevara E, Bai CB, Loomis CA, Joyner AL. Nerve-derived sonic hedgehog defines a niche for hair follicle stem cells capable of becoming epidermal stem cells. Cell Stem Cell. 2011;8:552–65.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rhee H, Polak L, Fuchs E. Lhx2 maintains stem cell character in hair follicles. Science. 2006;312:1946–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel GK, Wilson CH, Harding KG, Finlay AY, Bowden PE. Numerous keratinocyte subtypes involved in wound re-epithelialization. J Invest Dermatol. 2006;126:497–502.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen H, Li S, Meng T, Zhang L, Dai T, Xiang Q, et al. HSP27 as a biomarker for predicting skin irritation in human skin and reconstructed organotypic skin model. Toxicol Lett. 2014;226:124–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dos Santos JF, Freitas-Marchi BL, Reigado GR, de Assis SR, Maria Engler SS, Chambergo Alcalde FS, et al. Mesenchymal stem cells express epidermal markers in an in vitro reconstructed human skin model. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023:10:1012637.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Wang T, Jian Z, Baskys A, Yang J, Li J, Guo H, et al. MSC-derived exosomes protect against oxidative stress-induced skin injury via adaptive regulation of the NRF2 defense system. Biomaterials. 2020;257:120264.

Article  CAS