Afshinnekoo E, Scott RT, MacKay MJ, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Barker R, et al. Fundamental biological features of spaceflight: advancing the field to enable deep-space exploration. Cell. 2020;183:1162–84.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guo Z, Zhou G, Hu W. Carcinogenesis induced by space radiation: a systematic review. Neoplasia. 2022;32:100828.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gale RP, Welsh J, Karam PA. Why are haematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow: ontology recapitulates phylogeny. Leukemia. 2023;37:1779–81.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chancellor JC, Scott GB, Sutton JP. Space radiation: the number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit. Life. 2014;4:491–510.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cucinotta FA, Durante M. Cancer risk from exposure to galactic cosmic rays: implications for space exploration by human beings. Lancet Oncol. 2006;7:431–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iosim S, MacKay M, Westover C, Mason CE. Translating current biomedical therapies for long duration, deep space missions. Precis Clin Med. 2019;2:259–69.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Restier-Verlet J, El-Nachef L, Ferlazzo ML, Al-Choboq J, Granzotto A, Bouchet A, et al. Radiation on Earth or in space: what does it change? Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22:3739. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073739

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cucinotta FA, Hamada N, Little MP. No evidence for an increase in circulatory disease mortality in astronauts following space radiation exposures. Life Sci Space Res. 2016;10:53–6.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reitz G, Beaujean R, Benton E, Burmeister S, Dachev T, Deme S, et al. Space radiation measurements on-board ISS–the DOSMAP experiment. Radiat Prot Dosim 2005;116:374–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Benton ER, Benton EV. Space radiation dosimetry in low-Earth orbit and beyond. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B. 2001;184:255–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Leuraud K, Richardson DB, Cardis E, Daniels RD, Gillies M, O’Hagan JA, et al. Ionising radiation and risk of death from leukaemia and lymphoma in radiation-monitored workers (INWORKS): an international cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2015;2:e276–81.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Garrett-Bakelman FE, Darshi M, Green SJ, Gur RC, Lin L, Macias BR, et al. The NASA twins study: a multidimensional analysis of a year-long human spaceflight. Science. 2019;364:eaau8650.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

LeBlanc A, Rowe R, Schneider V, Evans H, Hedrick T. Regional muscle loss after short duration spaceflight. Aviat Space Environ Med. 1995;66:1151–4.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fitts RH, Riley DR, Widrick JJ. Physiology of a microgravity environment invited review: microgravity and skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol. 2000;89:823–39.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McNamara KP, Greene KA, Tooze JA, Dang J, Khattab K, Lenchik L, et al. Neck muscle changes following long-duration spaceflight. Front Physiol. 2019;10:1115.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sibonga JD, Spector ER, Keyak JH, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Lang TF. Use of quantitative computed tomography to assess for clinically-relevant skeletal effects of prolonged spaceflight on astronaut hips. J Clin Densitom. 2020;23:155–64.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Reynolds R, Little MP, Day S, Charvat J, Blattnig S, Huff J, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in the USA Astronaut Corps, 1959–2017. Occup Environ Med. 2021;78:869–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Folley JH, Borges W, Yamawaki T. Incidence of leukemia in survivors of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Japan. Am J Med. 1952;13:311–21.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Little MP, Wakeford R, Borrego D, French B, Zablotska LB, Adams MJ, et al. Leukaemia and myeloid malignancy among people exposed to low doses (<100 mSv) of ionising radiation during childhood: a pooled analysis of nine historical cohort studies. Lancet Haematol. 2018;5:e346–e358.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crants SA, Olson SS, Li Y, Bejan CA, Bick A, Luo L. Radiation therapy and subsequent clonal hematopoiesis: an analysis of a biorepository of 89,782 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol. 2022;114:E504.

Article  Google Scholar 

Yoshida K, Satoh Y, Uchimura A, Misumi M, Kyoizumi S, Taga M, et al. Massive expansion of multiple clones in the mouse hematopoietic system long after whole-body X-irradiation. Sci Rep. 2022;12:17276.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Modlin LA, Wijetunga NA, Patel M, Gao T, Ptashkin R, Sullivan MR, et al. Effects of radiation therapy on clonal hematopoiesis. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:12062–12062.

Article  Google Scholar 

Jaiswal S. Clonal hematopoiesis and nonhematologic disorders. Blood. 2020;136:1606–14.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Huang P, Russell AL, Lefavor R, Durand NC, James E, Harvey L, et al. Feasibility, potency, and safety of growing human mesenchymal stem cells in space for clinical application. NPJ Microgravity. 2020;6:16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang C, Li L, Jiang Y, Wang C, Geng B, Wang Y, et al. Space microgravity drives transdifferentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells from osteogenesis to adipogenesis. FASEB J. 2018;32:4444–58.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vignard J, Mirey G, Salles B. Ionizing-radiation induced DNA double-strand breaks: a direct and indirect lighting up. Radiother Oncol. 2013;108:362–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Penninckx S, Pariset E, Cekanaviciute E, Costes SV. Quantification of radiation-induced DNA double strand break repair foci to evaluate and predict biological responses to ionizing radiation. NAR Cancer. 2021;3:zcab046.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Brojakowska A, Kour A, Thel MC, Park E, Bisserier M, Garikipati VNS, et al. Retrospective analysis of somatic mutations and clonal hematopoiesis in astronauts. Commun Biol. 2022;5:828.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steensma DP, Bejar R, Jaiswal S, Lindsley RC, Sekeres MA, Hasserjian RP, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential and its distinction from myelodysplastic syndromes. Blood. 2015;126:9–16.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mencia-Trinchant N, MacKay MJ, Chin C, Afshinnekoo E, Foox J, Meydan C, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis before, during, and after human spaceflight. Cell Rep. 2020;33:108458.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Steensma DP. Clinical consequences of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018;2018:264–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Trudel G, Shafer J, Laneuville O, Ramsay T. Characterizing the effect of exposure to microgravity on anemia: more space is worse. Am J Hematol. 2020;95:267–273.