∗Bobby R. Alford Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine

†Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

‡Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center

§Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Paul W. Gidley, M.D., Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Unit 1445, Houston, TX 77030; E-mail: [email protected]

Sources of support and disclosure of funding: This work is supported by the NIH/NCI under award number P30CA016672 and used the Biostatistics Resource Group.

Meeting information: Podium presentation at North American Skull Base Society Annual Meeting, 2/2024, Atlanta, GA.

Conflicts of interest: M.E.N. reports stock ownership in 3M, Amgen, Cardinal Health, Johnson & Johnson, Medtronic, and Pfizer. P.W.G. reports stock ownership in Amgen, Eli Lily, Merck, Medtronic, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche. There are no conflicts of interest to declare for the remaining authors.

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