Kameyama M. Lassen’s equation is a good approximation of permeability-surface model: new α values for 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-ECD. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2014;34:1157–61.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iizuka T, Iizuka R, Kameyama M. Cingulate island sign temporally changes in dementia with Lewy bodies. Sci Rep. 2017;7:1–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Valotassiou V, Angelidis G, Psimadas D, Tsougos I, Georgoulias P. In the era of FDG PET, is it time for brain perfusion SPECT to gain a place in Alzheimer’s disease imaging biomarkers? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2021;48:969–71.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ni Y-C, Tseng F-P, Pai M-C, Hsiao I-T, Lin K-J, Lin Z-K, et al. Detection of Alzheimer’s disease using ECD SPECT images by transfer learning from FDG PET. Ann Nucl Med. 2021;35:889–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hort J, O’Brien JT, Gainotti G, Pirttila T, Popescu BO, Rektorova I, et al. EFNS guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Neurol. 2010;17:1236–48.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Paez D, Giammarile F, Orellana P. Nuclear medicine: a global perspective. Clin Transl Imaging. 2020;8:51–3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ferrando R, Damian A. Brain SPECT as a biomarker of neurodegeneration in dementia in the era of molecular imaging: still a valid option? Front Neurol. 2021;12: 629442.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Botha H, Mantyh WG, Graff-Radford J, Machulda MM, Przybelski SA, Wiste HJ, et al. Tau-negative amnestic dementia masquerading as Alzheimer disease dementia. Neurology. 2018;90:e940–6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Botha H, Mantyh WG, Murray ME, Knopman DS, Przybelski SA, Wiste HJ, et al. FDG-PET in tau-negative amnestic dementia resembles that of autopsy-proven hippocampal sclerosis. Brain. 2018;141:1201–17.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Duong MT, Das SR, Lyu X, Xie L, Richardson H, Xie SX, et al. Dissociation of tau pathology and neuronal hypometabolism within the ATN framework of Alzheimer’s disease. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1495.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zukotynski K, Kuo PH, Mikulis D, Rosa-Neto P, Strafella AP, Subramaniam RM, et al. PET/CT of dementia. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2018;211:246–59.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Loftus JR, Puri S, Meyers SP. Multimodality imaging of neurodegenerative disorders with a focus on multiparametric magnetic resonance and molecular imaging. Insights Imaging. 2023;14:8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Braak H, Alafuzoff I, Arzberger T, Kretzschmar H, Del Tredici K. Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry. Acta Neuropathol. 2006;112:389–404.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cummings J, Apostolova L, Rabinovici GD, Atri A, Aisen P, Greenberg S, et al. Lecanemab: appropriate use recommendations. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10:362–77.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Valotassiou V, Malamitsi J, Papatriantafyllou J, Dardiotis E, Tsougos I, Psimadas D, et al. SPECT and PET imaging in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Nucl Med. 2018;32:583–93.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Valotassiou V, Papatriantafyllou J, Sifakis N, Tzavara C, Tsougos I, Psimadas D, et al. Clinical evaluation of brain perfusion SPECT with Brodmann areas mapping in early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;47:773–85.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Imabayashi E, Matsuda H, Asada T, Ohnishi T, Sakamoto S, Nakano S, et al. Superiority of 3-dimensional stereotactic surface projection analysis over visual inspection in discrimination of patients with very early Alzheimer’s disease from controls using brain perfusion SPECT. J Nucl Med. 2004;45:1450–7.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matsuda H, Mizumura S, Nagao T, Ota T, Iizuka T, Nemoto K, et al. Automated discrimination between very early Alzheimer disease and controls using an easy Z-score imaging system for multicenter brain perfusion single-photon emission tomography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2007;28:731–6.

CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ishii K, Willoch F, Minoshima S, Drzezga A, Ficaro EP, Cross DJ, et al. Statistical brain mapping of 18F-FDG PET in Alzheimer’s disease: validation of anatomic standardization for atrophied brains. J Nucl Med. 2001;42:548–57.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanyu H, Shimuzu T, Tanaka Y, Takasaki M, Koizumi K, Abe K. Effect of age on regional cerebral blood flow patterns in Alzheimer’s disease patients. J Neurol Sci. 2003;209:25–30.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rahimi J, Kovacs GG. Prevalence of mixed pathologies in the aging brain. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2014;6:82.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yoshida K, Hata Y, Ichimata S, Okada K, Nishida N. Argyrophilic grain disease is common in older adults and may be a risk factor for suicide: a study of Japanese forensic autopsy cases. Transl Neurodegener. 2023;12:16.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yamada M, Itoh Y, Otomo E, Suematsu N, Matsushita M. Dementia of the Alzheimer type and related dementias in the aged: DAT subgroups and senile dementia of the neurofibrillary tangle type. Neuropathology. 1996;16:89–98.

Article  Google Scholar 

Sakurai K, Tokumaru AM, Ikeda T, Morimoto S, Inui S, Sumida K, et al. Characteristic asymmetric limbic and anterior temporal atrophy in demented patients with pathologically confirmed argyrophilic grain disease. Neuroradiology. 2019;61:1239–49.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hayashi H, Kobayashi R, Kawakatsu S, Morioka D, Otani K. Utility of easy Z-score imaging system-assisted SPECT in detecting onset age-dependent decreases in cerebral blood flow in the posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, and parietal lobe in Alzheimer’s disease with amyloid accumulation. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2020;10:63–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Murray ME, Graff-Radford NR, Ross OA, Petersen RC, Duara R, Dickson DW. Neuropathologically defined subtypes of Alzheimer’s disease with distinct clinical characteristics: a retrospective study. Lancet Neurol. 2011;10:785–96.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dickerson BC, Brickhouse M, McGinnis S, Wolk DA. Alzheimer’s disease: the influence of age on clinical heterogeneity through the human brain connectome. Alzheimers Dement. 2017;6:122–35.

Google Scholar 

Whitwell JL, Jack CR Jr, Przybelski SA, Parisi JE, Senjem ML, Boeve BF, et al. Temporoparietal atrophy: a marker of AD pathology independent of clinical diagnosis. Neurobiol Aging. 2011;32:1531–41.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dubois B, Feldman HH, Jacova C, Hampel H, Molinuevo JL, Blennow K, et al. Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer’s disease: the IWG-2 criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13:614–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ossenkoppele R, Singleton EH, Groot C, Dijkstra AA, Eikelboom WS, Seeley WW, et al. Research criteria for the behavioral variant of Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. 2022;79:48–60.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shiio M, Maeda N, Iwata A, Ishibashi K, Ishii K, Takuma H, et al. Ventral variant posterior cortical atrophy with occipito-temporal accumulation of tau proteins/astrocyte gliosis. Intern Med. 2024;advpub:2844–23.

Crutch SJ, Lehmann M, Schott JM, Rabinovici GD, Rossor MN, Fox NC. Posterior cortical atrophy. Lancet Neurol. 2012;11:170–8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Roytman M, Chiang GC, Gordon ML, Franceschi AM. Multimodality imaging in primary progressive aphasia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2022;43:1230–43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central