Retinal metastasis from systemic carcinoma: clinical, multimodal imaging, and pathological characteristics from a multicenter case series

Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Far Eastern Memorial Hospital (FEMH-IRB No.: 110029-F) and was conducted in accordance with the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

Consent to participate

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to publish

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Competing interests

Ching-Lung Chen: The author declares no competing interests.

Wei-Chun Chan: The author declares no competing interests.

Yi-Chun Chen: The author declares no competing interests.

Yung-Ray Hsu: The author declares no competing interests.

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