F Lusetti declares no conflict of interest. F D'Amico has served as a speaker for Sandoz, Janssen, Galapagos and Omega Pharma; he has also served as advisory board member for Ferring, Galapagos, Abbvie and Nestlè. M Al-locca received consulting fees from Nikkiso Europe, Mundipharma, Janssen, Abbvie and Pfizer. F Furfaro received consulting fees from Amgen and Abbvie and lecture fees from Janssen and Pfizer. A Zilli declares no conflict of interest. G Fiorino received consultancy fees from Fer-ring, MSD, AbbVie, Takeda, Janssen, Amgen, Sandoz, Samsung Bioepis, Celltrion. TL Parigi declares no conflict of interest. S Radice declares no conflict of interest. L Peyrin-Biroulet declares consulting fees from AbbVie, Alimentiv, Alma Bio Therapeutics, Amgen, Applied Molecular Transport, Arena, Biogen, BMS, Celltrion, CONNECT Biopharm, Cytoki Pharma, Enthera, Fer-ring, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Genentech, Gilead, Gossamer Bio, GSK, HAC-Pharma, IAG Im-age Analysis, Index Pharmaceuticals, Inotrem, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, Mopac, Morphic, MSD, Norgine, Novartis, OM Pharma, ONO Pharma, OSE Immunotherapeutics, Pandion Therapeutics, Pfizer, Prometheus, Protagonist, Roche, Sandoz, Takeda, Theravance, Thermo Fisher, Tigenix, Til-lots, Viatris, Vifor, Ysopia, Abivax; he also declares grants from Takeda, F Kabi, Celltri-on; he also has served as a speaker for Galapagos, AbbVie, Janssen, Genentech, Ferring, Tillots, Celltrion, Takeda, Pfizer, Sandoz, Biogen, MSD, Amgen, Vifor, Arena, Lilly, Gilead, Viatris, Medac. S Danese has served as a speaker, consultant and advisory board member for Schering-Plough, AbbVie, Actelion, Alphawasserman, AstraZeneca, Cellerix, Cosmo Pharmaceuticals, Fer-ring, Genentech, Grunenthal, Johnson and Johnson, Millenium Takeda, MSD, Nikkiso Europe, Novo Nordisk, Nycomed, Pfizer, Pharmacosmos, UCB Pharma and Vifor. The authors have no other competing interests or relevant affiliations with any organization or entity with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.