CREST is sponsored by Pfizer. GD Steinberg reports advisory/consultancy roles for Heat Biologics, CG Oncology, PhotoCure, Merck, Roche/Genentech, Ciclomed, Taris Biomedical (now Janssen), MDxHealth, Fidia Farmaceutici, UroGen, Ferring, Aduro, Boston Scientific, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Janssen, Epivax Therapeutics, Natera, FKD, EnGene Bio, Sesen Bio, BioCanCell (now Archiano), Nucleix, Ipsen, Combat Medical, Astellas, FerGene, Dendreon, AbbVie, Seagen, Verity Pharmaceuticals, Regeneron, STIMIT, Vyriad, Protara, xCures, Nonagen, Nanology, and Imvax; clinical trial protocol committee membership for Bristol Myers Squibb, CG Oncology, Fidia, Janssen, Merck, Pfizer, PhotoCure, Protara, and Seagen; stock/shares in CG Oncology, EnGene Bio, EpiVax Therapeutics, and UroGen. ND Shore reports consultancy and speaker's bureau for Bayer, Janssen, Dendreon, Tolmar, Ferring, Medivation/Astellas, Amgen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Myovant Sciences, Astellas Pharma, AbbVie, Merck, BMS, Sanofi, Boston Scientific, Clovis Oncology, Exact Imaging, FerGene, Foundation Medicine, CG Oncology, InVitae, MDxHealth, Myriad Genetics, Nymox, Propella Therapeutics, Genzyme, Sanofi, and Sesen Bio; grant or research support from AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb/Pfizer, Boston Scientific, Clovis Oncology, Dendreon, Exact Imaging, Ferring, Foundation Medicine, InVitae, Janssen, MDxHealth, Merck, Myovant Sciences, Myriad Genetics, Nymox, Pfizer, Sanofi, Sesen Bio, and Tolmar; and employment by GenesisCare. JP Redorta reports advisory/consultancy roles for Arquer Diagnostics, Biotech, BTA Pharmaceuticals, Combat, Genomic Expression, and Olympus; steering committee membership for AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, and Pfizer; and grant or research support from Arquer Diagnostics, Biotech, BTA Pharmaceuticals, Cepheid, TARIS Biomedical, and Nucleix. M Galsky reports research funding from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Dendreon, Genentech, Merck, and Novartis; advisory/consultancy roles for Alligator, AstraZeneca, Basilea, Bristol Myers Squibb, Curis, Dragonfly, EMD Serono, Fujifilm, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck, Numab, Pfizer, Rappta Therapeutics, Seagen, Silverback, and UroGen. J Bedke reports institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ipsen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Nektar, Pfizer, Roche, and Seattle Genetics; honoraria for speaker, consultancy, or advisory role from: AstraZeneca, Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, EUSA Pharma, Ipsen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche on a personal basis. JH Ku, M Kretkowski, and H Hu have nothing to disclose. K Penkov reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nektar, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Roche; consultancy or advisory role for Nektar. JJ Vermette, JC Tarazi, AE Randall, and KJ Pierce report employment by Pfizer and stock/shares in Pfizer. D Saltzstein reports consultancy for UroGen. TB Powles reports consultancy for Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Exelixis, Incyte, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, Merck, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Seattle Genetics. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.