Broz, P., Pelegrin, P. & Shao, F. The gasdermins, a protein family executing cell death and inflammation. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 20, 143–157 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hou, J., Hsu, J. M. & Hung, M. C. Molecular mechanisms and functions of pyroptosis in inflammation and antitumor immunity. Mol. Cell 81, 4579–4590 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shi, J. et al. Cleavage of GSDMD by inflammatory caspases determines pyroptotic cell death. Nature 526, 660–665 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
He, W. T. et al. Gasdermin D is an executor of pyroptosis and required for interleukin-1β secretion. Cell Res. 25, 1285–1298 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kayagaki, N. et al. Caspase-11 cleaves gasdermin D for non-canonical inflammasome signalling. Nature 526, 666–671 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Xia, S. et al. Gasdermin D pore structure reveals preferential release of mature interleukin-1. Nature 593, 607–611 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Orning, P. et al. Pathogen blockade of TAK1 triggers caspase-8-dependent cleavage of gasdermin D and cell death. Science 362, 1064–1069 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sarhan, J. et al. Caspase-8 induces cleavage of gasdermin D to elicit pyroptosis during Yersinia infection. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 115, E10888–E10897 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Humphries, F. et al. Succination inactivates gasdermin D and blocks pyroptosis. Science 369, 1633–1637 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jiang, X. et al. NU6300 covalently reacts with cysteine-191 of gasdermin D to block its cleavage and palmitoylation. Sci. Adv. 10, eadi9284 (2024).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Evavold, C. L. et al. Control of gasdermin D oligomerization and pyroptosis by the Ragulator–Rag–mTORC1 pathway. Cell 184, 4495–4511 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Devant, P. et al. Gasdermin D pore-forming activity is redox-sensitive. Cell Rep. 42, 112008 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu, X. et al. Inflammasome-activated gasdermin D causes pyroptosis by forming membrane pores. Nature 535, 153–158 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sborgi, L. et al. GSDMD membrane pore formation constitutes the mechanism of pyroptotic cell death. EMBO J. 35, 1766–1778 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang, K. et al. Structural mechanism for GSDMD targeting by autoprocessed caspases in pyroptosis. Cell 180, 941–955 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu, Z. et al. Caspase-1 engages full-length gasdermin D through two distinct interfaces that mediate caspase recruitment and substrate cleavage. Immunity 53, 106–114 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Linder, M. E. & Deschenes, R. J. Palmitoylation: policing protein stability and traffic. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 8, 74–84 (2007).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Main, A. & Fuller, W. Protein S-palmitoylation: advances and challenges in studying a therapeutically important lipid modification. FEBS J. 289, 861–882 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Greaves, J. & Chamberlain, L. H. DHHC palmitoyl transferases: substrate interactions and (patho)physiology. Trends Biochem. Sci. 36, 245–253 (2011).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fukata, Y. & Fukata, M. Protein palmitoylation in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 11, 161–175 (2010).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Qin, Z., Sun, W., Chu, F. & Zhou, F. Function of protein S-palmitoylation in immunity and immune-related diseases. Front. Immunol. 12, 661202 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chen, B., Sun, Y., Niu, J., Jarugumilli, G. K. & Wu, X. Protein lipidation in cell signaling and diseases: function, regulation, and therapeutic opportunities. Cell Chem. Biol. 25, 817–831 (2018).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Akimzhanov, A. M. & Boehning, D. Rapid and transient palmitoylation of the tyrosine kinase Lck mediates Fas signaling. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 112, 11876–11880 (2015).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mukai, K. et al. Activation of STING requires palmitoylation at the Golgi. Nat. Commun. 7, 11932 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang, M. et al. A STAT3 palmitoylation cycle promotes TH17 differentiation and colitis. Nature 586, 434–439 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Morrison, E. et al. Dynamic palmitoylation events following T-cell receptor signaling. Commun. Biol. 3, 368 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hao, J. W. et al. CD36 facilitates fatty acid uptake by dynamic palmitoylation-regulated endocytosis. Nat. Commun. 11, 4765 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hu, L. et al. Chemotherapy-induced pyroptosis is mediated by BAK/BAX-caspase-3-GSDME pathway and inhibited by 2-bromopalmitate. Cell Death Dis. 11, 281 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhuang, Z., Gu, J., Li, B. O. & Yang, L. Inhibition of gasdermin D palmitoylation by disulfiram is crucial for the treatment of myocardial infarction. Transl. Res. 264, 66–75 (2023).
Johnson, A. G. et al. Bacterial gasdermins reveal an ancient mechanism of cell death. Science 375, 221–225 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sobocinska, J. et al. Lipopolysaccharide upregulates palmitoylated enzymes of the phosphatidylinositol cycle: an insight from proteomic studies. Mol. Cell. Proteom. 17, 233–254 (2018).
Martin, B. R. & Cravatt, B. F. Large-scale profiling of protein palmitoylation in mammalian cells. Nat. Methods 6, 135–138 (2009).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Martin, B. R. Nonradioactive analysis of dynamic protein palmitoylation. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 73, 14.15.1–14.15.9 (2013).
Lu, Y. et al. Palmitoylation of NOD1 and NOD2 is required for bacterial sensing. Science 366, 460–467 (2019).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Webb, Y., Hermida-Matsumoto, L. & Resh, M. D. Inhibition of protein palmitoylation, raft localization, and T cell signaling by 2-bromopalmitate and polyunsaturated fatty acids. J. Biol. Chem. 275, 261–270 (2000).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hannoush, R. N. & Sun, J. The chemical toolbox for monitoring protein fatty acylation and prenylation. Nat. Chem. Biol. 6, 498–506 (2010).
Comments (0)