Long COVID and kidney function: A scoping review protocol

Abstract

Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had catastrophic repercussions worldwide, including short- and long-term effects on multiple organs. The term “long COVID” encompasses signs and symptoms associated with COVID that persist for more than two months. However, the effects of long COVID on kidney function remain poorly understood.

Objective This scoping review aims to describe the effects of long COVID on kidney function and/or kidney-related outcomes.

Methods We will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. Based on the PCC framework, we will include studies that investigated long COVID survivors (Participants); describing kidney function and/or kidney-related outcomes (Concept); in all settings and designs (Context). A comprehensive literature search was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, and LILACS databases without date or language restrictions from inception until August 2023. Websites, books, and guidelines will also be searched. Observational studies with retrospective, prospective, and case-control designs will be considered. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and perform the full-text review. Data extraction will be done by the main reviewer and checked by a second one. Data about the diagnosis of COVID, follow-up time for long symptoms, and kidney function assessment and outcomes will be extracted from selected evidence. The quantitative results will be synthesized and presented in tables and figures along with a narrative summary.

Ethics and dissemination There is no requirement for ethical approval for this scoping review. On completion, it will be published in a peer-reviewed academic journal and presented at a conference.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This study receives funding from the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP), grant #22/01769-5. EAB receives a research grant (Bolsa de Produtividade em Pesquisa, 304743/2017-8) from The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq).

Author Declarations

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.

Yes

I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).

Yes

I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

Yes

Data Availability

The datasets to be analyzed during the current study will be available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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