Aging is not a disease but predisposes to disease and frailty.

Frailty is a multifactorial, complex, dynamic and modifiable state of accelerated aging.

Biological and chronological age may substantially diverge, but clinical decision making and aging science are largely tuned on chronological age and single illness.

To crack the code of aging trajectories during life, deep phenotyping cannot go beyond biomolecular hallmarks as well as physical, psychosocial, functional, and lifestyle-related factors.

The rapidly increasing aging prevalence, complexity, and heterogeneity pose the scientific and medical communities in front of challenges. These are delivered by gaps between basic and translational research, as well as between clinical practice guidelines to improve survival and absence of evidence on personalized strategies to improve functions, wellbeing and quality of life. The triumphs of aging science sheding more and more light on mechanisms of aging as well as those of medical and technological progress to prolong life expectancy are clear. Currently, and in the next two to three decades, all efforts must be put in a closer interdisciplinary dialogue between biogerontologists and geriatricians to enable real-life measures of aging phenotypes to be used to uncover the physiological – and therefore translational - relevance of newly discovered aging clocks, biomarkers, and hallmarks.

Aging

Frailty

Biomarkers

Hallmarks

© 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc.