To investigate the clinical efficacy of aminovalerate hydrochloride photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD),oral leukoplakia (OLK), along with identifying the influencing factors.Additionally, the study aims to detect the rates of recurrence and malignancy after PDT.

60 patients with OPMD who received PDT at our hospital from 2006 to 2021 were included in this study. Relevant patient medical data were collected and analyzed using SAS 9.4 software.The Mann-Whitney U test was used to retrospectively analyze the factors influencing clinical efficacy, as well as recurrence rate and malignant transformation rate (MTR) after treatment.

Among the 60 OPMD patients receiving PDT, complete remission in 13 (21.67%), partial remission in 39 (65.00%), and no remission in eight (13.33%), resulting in an overall effective rate of 86.67%.Fifteen patients experienced relapse, leading to a recurrence rate of 25.00%. Among these relapses,11 patients occurred within one year after treatment, corresponding to an 18.33% recurrence rate during that period. Moreover, nine patients developed malignant transformation (MT), resulting in an MTR of 15.00%. Out of these patients, six individuals developed MT within one year after treatment, resulting in a one-year MTR of 10.00%.

The study findings indicate that PDT shows promising clinical efficacy in the treatment of OPMD, with relatively limited and tolerable postoperative adverse reactions. However, there remains a certain rate of recurrence and malignancy after treatment. Therefore, close attention should be paid to postoperative monitoring, regular follow-up, and further expansion of the sample size to observe its long-term efficacy.