Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ubago-Guisado E, Rodriguez-Barranco M, Ching-Lopez A, Petrova D, Molina-Montes E, Amiano P, et al. Evidence Update on the Relationship between Diet and the Most Common Cancers from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) Study: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021;13 https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13103582.

Morze J, Danielewicz A, Przybylowicz K, Zeng H, Hoffmann G, Schwingshackl L. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis on adherence to mediterranean diet and risk of cancer. Eur J Nutr. 2021;60:1561–86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02346-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Cancer Research Fund International. Continous Update Project Expert Report. Diet, nutrition,physical activity, and cancer: a global perspective, London, UK: World Cancer Research Fund International; 2018.

Didinger CTH. The role of pulses improving human health: A review. Legume Sci. 2022;4:e147.

Article  Google Scholar 

Campos-Vega R, Oomah BD, Loarca-Pina G, Vergara-Castaneda HA. Common Beans and Their Non-Digestible Fraction: Cancer Inhibitory Activity-An Overview. Foods. 2013;2:374–92. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods2030374.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Veronese N, Solmi M, Caruso MG, Giannelli G, Osella AR, Evangelou E, et al. Dietary fiber and health outcomes: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Am J Clin Nutr. 2018;107:436–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqx082.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papandreou C, Becerra-Tomas N, Bullo M, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Corella D, Estruch R, et al. Legume consumption and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in the PREDIMED study. Clin Nutr. 2019;38:348–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.019.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lanza E, Hartman TJ, Albert PS, Shields R, Slattery M, Caan B, et al. High dry bean intake and reduced risk of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence among participants in the polyp prevention trial. J Nutr. 2006;136:1896–903. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/136.7.1896.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhu B, Sun Y, Qi L, Zhong R, Miao X. Dietary legume consumption reduces risk of colorectal cancer: evidence from a meta-analysis of cohort studies. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8797. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08797.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  ADS  Google Scholar 

Jin S, Je Y. Nuts and legumes consumption and risk of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-022-00881-6.

Huang TB, Ding PP, Chen JF, Yan Y, Zhang L, Liu H, et al. Dietary fiber intake and risk of renal cell carcinoma: evidence from a meta-analysis. Med Oncol. 2014;31:125. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-014-0125-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levi F, Pasche C, La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Franceschi S. Food groups and colorectal cancer risk. Br J Cancer. 1999;79:1283–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6690206.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang HF, Yao AL, Sun YY, Zhang AH. Empirically derived dietary patterns and ovarian cancer risk: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2018;27:493–501. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000367.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galeone C, Pelucchi C, Levi F, Negri E, Franceschi S, Talamini R, et al. Onion and garlic use and human cancer. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;84:1027–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/84.5.1027.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levi F, Pasche C, La Vecchia C, Lucchini F, Franceschi S, Monnier P. Food groups and risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer. 1998;77:705–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980831)77:5<705::aid-ijc8>3.0.co;2-z.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Garavello W, Foschi R, Talamini R, La Vecchia C, Rossi M, Dal Maso L, et al. Family history and the risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Int J Cancer. 2008;122:1827–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23199.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Simonato L, Zambon P, Negri E, et al. Food groups and risk of squamous cell esophageal cancer in northern Italy. Int J Cancer. 2000;87:289–94.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Levi F, Pasche C, Lucchini F, Bosetti C, Franceschi S, Monnier P, et al. Food groups and oesophageal cancer risk in Vaud, Switzerland. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2000;9:257–63. https://doi.org/10.1097/00008469-200008000-00005.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lucenteforte E, Scita V, Bosetti C, Bertuccio P, Negri E, La Vecchia C. Food groups and alcoholic beverages and the risk of stomach cancer: a case-control study in Italy. Nutr Cancer. 2008;60:577–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/01635580802054512.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

La Vecchia C, Negri E, Decarli A, Franceschi S. Diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 1997;6:1007–10.

Google Scholar 

Bosetti C, La Vecchia C, Talamini R, Negri E, Levi F, Dal Maso L, et al. Food groups and laryngeal cancer risk: a case-control study from Italy and Switzerland. Int J Cancer. 2002;100:355–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.10485.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Talamini R, Franceschi S, Favero A, Negri E, Parazzini F, La Vecchia C. Selected medical conditions and risk of breast cancer. Br J Cancer. 1997;75:1699–703. https://doi.org/10.1038/bjc.1997.289.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lucenteforte E, Bosetti C, Talamini R, Montella M, Zucchetto A, Pelucchi C, et al. Diabetes and endometrial cancer: effect modification by body weight, physical activity and hypertension. Br J Cancer. 2007;97:995–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjc.6603933.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bosetti C, Negri E, Franceschi S, Pelucchi C, Talamini R, Montella M, et al. Diet and ovarian cancer risk: a case-control study in Italy. Int J Cancer. 2001;93:911–5. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.1422.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tavani A, Gallus S, Bertuzzi M, Dal Maso L, Zucchetto A, Negri E, et al. Diabetes mellitus and the risk of prostate cancer in Italy. Eur Urol. 2005;47:313–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eururo.2004.10.027.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zucchetto A, Dal Maso L, Tavani A, Montella M, Ramazzotti V, Talamini R, et al. History of treated hypertension and diabetes mellitus and risk of renal cell cancer. Ann Oncol. 2007;18:596–600. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdl438.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Franceschi S, Negri E, Salvini S, Decarli A, Ferraroni M, Filiberti R, et al. Reproducibility of an Italian food frequency questionnaire for cancer studies: results for specific food items. Eur J Cancer. 1993;29A:2298–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-8049(93)90225-5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Buuren S. Multiple imputation of discrete and continuous data by fully conditional specification. Stat Methods Med Res. 2007;16:219–42. https://doi.org/10.1177/0962280206074463.

Article  MathSciNet  PubMed  Google Scholar 

DB R. Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York; 1987.

DerSimonian R, Laird N. Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986;7:177–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

De Stefani E, Boffetta P, Oreggia F, Brennan P, Ronco A, Deneo-Pellegrini H. et al. Plant foods and risk of laryngeal cancer: A case-control study in Uruguay. Int J Cancer. 2000;87:129–32. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0215(20000701)87:1<129::aid-ijc19>3.0.co;2-m.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kreimer AR, Randi G, Herrero R, Castellsague X, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S, et al. Diet and body mass, and oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: analysis from the IARC multinational case-control study. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:2293–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.21577.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aune D, De Stefani E, Ronco A, Boffetta P, Deneo-Pellegrini H, Acosta G, et al. Legume intake and the risk of cancer: a multisite case-control study in Uruguay. Cancer Causes Control. 2009;20:1605–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-009-9406-z.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navarro Silvera SA, Mayne ST, Risch H, Gammon MD, Vaughan TL, Chow WH, et al. Food group intake and risk of subtypes of esophageal and gastric cancer. Int J Cancer. 2008;123:852–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.23544.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wu AH, Tseng CC, Hankin J, Bernstein L. Fiber intake and risk of adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and stomach. Cancer Causes Control. 2007;18:713–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-007-9014-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dunneram Y, Greenwood DC, Cade JE. Diet, menopause and the risk of ovarian, endometrial and breast cancer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2019;78:438–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002884.

Article  PubMed