Delirium, a prevalent acute and reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome, is frequently observed in critically ill patients, particularly in the geriatric population and contributes to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. It is the most frequent surgical complication among geriatric individuals (de Jong et al., 2019) and is recognized in approximately 80% of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients (Xing et al., 2017). The condition is often not a stand-alone ailment and patients have comorbidities that can add to difficulties (Smith and Grami, 2017).

Delirium can cause issues that include irregular sleep cycles, changes in perception and attention, emotional abnormalities and psychomotor changes that can be delineated as hypoactive, hyperactive, or mixed (Eskander et al., 2021). This condition causes cognitive function decline, extended stays in the hospital with longer recovery times, increased risk of readmission and the risk of requiring mechanical ventilation, increased hospitalization expenses and mortality (Al-Hoodar et al., 2021; Dziegielewski et al., 2021; Perkins et al., 2021; Venkatakrishnaiah et al., 2022; Xu et al., 2021). In-hospital delirium potentially prolongs hospitalization stays by 4.77 days (Dziegielewski et al., 2021). The costs of delirium management, including pharmacologic treatment, diagnostic and laboratory results and bed compensation, can increase the individual cost of care by $600 a day, or in excess of $18,000 a month (Al-Hoodar et al., 2021). Among patients who experience postoperative delirium, the mortality rate increases to 60% in the first year subsequent to the condition and 72.28% after five years (Tasar et al., 2018).