Parkinson's disease (PD) is an extrapyramidal motor disorder characterized by rigidity, tremor and hypokinesia with secondary manifestations like defective posture and gait, mask-like face and sialorrhea. In addition, dementia may accompany [1]. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects adults in their fifties and sixties [2]. Globally, neurological illnesses are the leading cause of disability and PD is becoming more common [3]. PD has an impact on patients, their families, and society which harms the quality of life [4]. PD is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative illness behind Alzheimer's disease according to epidemiological studies [5], [6]. Degeneration and death of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal area as well as the development of Lewy bodies (LB) and Lewy neurites (LN) are pathological alterations in PD [7]. The reduction in dopamine neurotransmitters causes many clinical symptoms in patients. Genetic and environmental variables, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and, inflammatory responses have a significant role in the progression of PD (Fig. 1) [8]. Levodopa and carbidopa, dopamine receptor agonists, catechol oxymethyltransferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and other auxiliary medicines are the major treatment agents, all these therapies have a great value in the management of PD symptoms. But these drugs also produce serious side effects such as developing cognitive problems, levodopa-induced dyskinesias, and on-off fluctuations [9], [10]. As a result, finding and developing novel medicines for the treatment of PD is vital.

The brain uses glucose as its principal energy source, and it consumes a large quantity of blood glucose even while it is at rest [11]. Neurons can also get energy from their own glucose absorption and metabolism [12]. Lactate transfer from glia to neurons would still be important for energy balance in a variety of diseased conditions [13]. Lactate metabolism by mitochondria appears to be functionally reduced in neurodegenerative diseases [14]. The present review primarily focuses on how glucose uptake and its metabolism is crucial for neuroprotection and a novel combination approach to achieve anti-parkinson effects.