From the aDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD

bDepartment of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI

cAJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA

dDepartment of Public Health Sciences and The MIND Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA

eRollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

fKaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA

gPerelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA

hCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH

iDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, Penn State University, University Park, PA

jDepartment of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD.

Submitted February 22, 2023; accepted September 26, 2023

EARLI was funded by the National Institutes of Health (R01ES016443 and R24ES030893) and Autism Speaks (003953). The HOME Study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (P01ES011261, R01ES014575, R01ES020349, R01 ES024381, R01 ES032836).

J.B. was financially compensated for serving as an expert witness for plaintiffs in litigation related to PFAS-contaminated drinking water. The remaining authors report no conflicts of interest.

Supplemental digital content is available through direct URL citations in the HTML and PDF versions of this article (www.epidem.com).

Once the paper is published, we will publish the code at https://github.com/emmayu001/qgcomp-Phthalates-SRS. Inquiries about data request should be addressed to the Principal Investigators of the two cohorts (HOME: JMB, KY; EARLI: MDF).

Correspondence: Ghassan B. Hamra, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E7650, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: [email protected].