Int J Sports Med
DOI: 10.1055/a-2184-9201
Carly D McKay
1
Department for Health, Centre for Health and Injury and Illness
Prevention in Sport, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland
2
UK Collaborating Centre on Illness and Injury Prevention in Sport,
Universities of Edinburgh and Bath, Bath, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
,
3
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
,
Rebecca A Marjoram
3
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
,
Brent E Hagel
3
Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
4
Departments of Pediatrics and Community Health Sciences, Cumming School
of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
5
Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Canada
6
O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary,
Calgary, Canada
,
Carolyn A Emery
7
McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine,
University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
› Author Affiliations
Funding Information
Alberta Innovates - Health Solutions —
http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000145;
› Further Information
Also available at
Buy Article Permissions and Reprints
Abstract
Neuromuscular training warm-up programs can reduce injury rates in youth sports,
but they often have poor uptake and adherence. Delivering such programs in
school physical education classes may provide greater public health benefit,
particularly if they promote improved injury knowledge and prevention beliefs
amongst students. The purpose of this secondary analysis of a large
cluster-randomized controlled trial was to understand how students’ (age
11–15 years) knowledge and beliefs change after exposure to an
evidence-informed neuromuscular training warm-up program. Six schools delivered
the program for a 12-week period in the initial study year (n=566) and
two continued to use it in a subsequent “maintenance” year
(n=255). Students completed a knowledge and beliefs questionnaire at
baseline, 6-week, and 12-week timepoints. Knowledge scores ranged from
7/10 to 8/10 at all timepoints and students generally believed
that injuries are preventable. On average, there was less than a one-point
change in knowledge between timepoints and there was no change in the median
belief scores. There were no meaningful differences between sexes, grades, or
previous injury. These findings highlight that knowledge and beliefs are
unlikely to change passively through program exposure. More active strategies
are needed to improve injury prevention perceptions in this population.
Key words
sport injury -
prevention -
youth -
neuromuscular training -
perceptions -
knowledge
Publication History
Received: 03 October 2022
Accepted: 04 September 2023
Article published online:
29 November 2023
© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart,
Germany
References
1
Pickett W,
Molcho M,
Simpson K.
et al. Cross national study of injury and social determinants in adolescents. Inj Prev 2005; 11: 213-218
2 Statistics Canada. Leading Causes of Death and Hospitalization in Canada
(2016-03-01). Internet:
http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/lcd-pcd97/table2-eng.php; accessed 2022-06-01
3
Kang J,
Hagel B,
Emery CA.
et al. Assessing the representativeness of Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and
Prevention Program (CHIRPP) sport and recreational injury data in Calgary,
Canada. Int J Inj Prev Saf Promot 2012; 20: 19-26
4
Whittaker JL,
Toomey CM,
Nettel-Aguirre A.
et al. Health-related outcomes following a youth sport-related knee injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51: 255-263
5
Toomey CM,
Whittaker JL,
Nettel-Aguirre A.
et al. Higher fat mass is associated with a history of knee injury in youth sport. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017; 47: 80-87
6
Richmond S,
Fukuchi R,
Ezzat A.
et al. Are joint injury, sport activity, physical activity, obesity, or occupational
activities predictors for osteoarthritis? A systematic review. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2013; 43: 515-519
7
Rössler R,
Donath L,
Verhagen E.
et al. Exercise-based injury prevention in child and adolescent sport: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. Sport Med 2014; 44: 1733-1748
8
Emery CA,
Roy T-O,
Whittaker JL.
et al. Neuromuscular training injury prevention strategies in youth sport: A systematic
review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49: 865-870
9
Lindblom H,
Waldén M,
Carlfjord S.
et al. Implementation of a neuromuscular training programme in female adolescent
football: 3-year follow-up study after a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2014; 48: 1425-1430
10
Joy EA,
Taylor JR,
Novak MA.
et al. Factors influencing the implementation of anterior cruciate ligament injury
prevention strategies by girls soccer coaches. J Strength Cond Res 2013; 27: 2263-2269
11
Saunders N,
Otago L,
Romiti M.
et al. Coaches’ perspectives on implementing an evidence-informed injury
prevention programme in junior community netball. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 1128-1132
12
Barden C,
Stokes KA,
McKay CD.
Utilising a behaviour change model to improve implementation of the Activate
injury prevention exercise programme in schoolboy rugby union. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18: 5681
13
Gabriel EH,
McCann RS,
Hoch MC.
Use of social or behavioural theories in exercise-related injury prevention
program research: A systematic review. Sports Med 2019; 49: 1515-1528
14
Schwarzer R.
Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) as a Theoretical Framework to Understand
Behavior Change. Actualidades en Psicología 2016; 30: 119-130
15
Schwarzer R.
Modeling Health Behaviour Change - How to predict and modify the adoption and
maintenance of health behaviours. Appl Psychol 2008; 57: 1-29
16
Emery CA,
van den Berg C,
Richmond SA.
et al. Implementing a school-based prevention program to reduce injuries through
neuromuscular training (iSPRINT): A cluster-randomized controlled trial. Br J Sport Med 2020; 54: 913-919
17
Raisanen AM,
van den Berg C,
Owoeye O.
et al. Running every time, planking sometimes: Youth adherence to a neuromuscular
training program. Transl J Am Coll Sports Med 2022; 7: e000209
18
Barden C,
Stokes K,
McKay C.
Implementation of the Activate injury prevention exercise programme in English
schoolboy rugby union. BMJ Open Sport & Exerc Med 2021; 7: e001018
19
Owoeye OBA,
Emery CA,
Befus K.
et al. How much, how often, how well? Adherence to a neuromuscular training warm-up
injury prevention program in youth basketball. J Sports Sci 2020; 38: 2329-2337
20
Kontos AP.
Perceived risk, risk taking, estimation of ability and injury among adolescent
sport participants. J Pediatr Psychol 2004; 29: 447-455
21
Fraser-Thomas J,
Jeffery-Tosoni S,
Baker J.
“I like that you can hit a guy and not really get in trouble”:
Young ice hockey players' experiences with body checking. Int J Sport Exerc Psychol 2014; 12: 121-133
22
McGannon KR,
McMahon J.
Sport media research: Examining the benefits for sport injury psychology and
beyond. In: R Wadey R (ed). Sport Injury Psychology: Cultural, Relational,
Methodological, and Applied Considerations. New York: Routledge; 2020: 25-35
23
Saunders N,
Otago L,
Romiti M.
et al. Coaches’ perspectives on implementing an evidence-informed injury
prevention programme in junior community netball. Br J Sports Med 2010; 44: 1128-1132
24
Richmond SA,
Donaldson A,
Macpherson A.
et al. Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of iSPRINT: A sport injury
prevention program in junior high schools. Clin J Sport Med 2020; 30: 231-238
25
Lindblom H,
Carlfjord S,
Hägglund M.
Adoption and use of an injury prevention exercise program in female football: A
qualitative study among coaches. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28: 1295-1303
26
Donaldson A,
Callaghan A,
Bizzini M.
et al. Awareness and use of the 11+ injury prevention program among coaches of
adolescent female football teams. Int J Sport Sci Coach 2018; 13: 929-938
留言 (0)