Abreu, R. L., Lefevor, G. T., Gonzalez, K. A., Barrita, A. M., & Watson, R. J. (2022). Bullying, depression, and parental acceptance in a sample of Latinx sexual and gender minority youth. Journal of LGBT Youth. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2022.2071791

Article  Google Scholar 

Allen, S. H., Fish, J. N., McGuire, J. K., & Leslie, L. A. (2022). Beyond the (family) binary: Family environment heterogeneity among transgender adults. Journal of Marriage and Family. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12835

Article  Google Scholar 

Aramburu Alegría, C. (2018). Supporting families of transgender children/youth: Parents speak on their experiences, identity, and views. International Journal of Transgenderism, 19(2), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15532739.2018.1450798

Article  Google Scholar 

Bernal, A. T., & Coolhart, D. (2012). Treatment and ethical considerations with transgender children and youth in family therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 23(4), 287–303.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bhattacharya, N., Budge, S. L., Pantalone, D. W., & Katz-Wise, S. L. (2020). Conceptualizing relationships among transgender and gender diverse youth and their caregivers. Journal of Family Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000815

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Boss, P. (1999). Ambiguous loss, learning to live uvith unresolved grief. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvjhzrh4

Book  Google Scholar 

Brumbaugh-Johnson, S. M., & Hull, K. E. (2019). Coming out as transgender: Navigating the social implications of a transgender identity. Journal of Homosexuality, 66(8), 1148–1177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1493253

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cartaya, J., & Lopez, X. (2018). Gender dysphoria in youth: A review of recent literature. Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity, 25(1), 44–48.

Article  Google Scholar 

Catalpa, J. M., & McGuire, J. K. (2018). Family boundary ambiguity among transgender youth. Family Relations, 67(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12304

Article  Google Scholar 

Connolly, M. D., Zervos, M. J., Barone, C. J., II., Johnson, C. C., & Joseph, C. L. (2016). The mental health of transgender youth: Advances in understanding. Journal of Adolescent Health, 59(5), 489–495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.06.012

Article  Google Scholar 

Daley, T., Grossoehme, D., McGuire, J. K., Corathers, S., Conard, L. A., & Lipstein, E. A. (2019). “I Couldn’t See a Downside”: Decision-making about gender-affirming hormone therapy. Journal of Adolescent Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.02.018

Article  Google Scholar 

de Lira, A. N., & de Morais, N. A. (2018). Resilience in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual (LGB) Populations: An Integrative Literature Review. Sexuality Research and Social Policy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-017-0285-x

Article  Google Scholar 

Dewaele, A., Cox, N., Van den Berghe, W., & Vincke, J. (2011). Families of choice? Exploring the supportive networks of lesbians, gay men, and bisexuals. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 41(2), 312–331. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2010.00715.x

Article  Google Scholar 

Diamond, G. S., Diamond, G. M., & Levy, S. (2013). Attachment based family therapy for depressed adolscents. American Psychological Association, London. https://doi.org/10.1037/14296-000

Article  Google Scholar 

Diamond, G. M., & Shpigel, M. S. (2014). Attachment-based family therapy for lesbian and gay young adults and their persistently nonaccepting parents. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 45(4), 258–268. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035394

Article  Google Scholar 

dickey, L. M., & Loewy, M. I. (2010). Group work with transgender clients. The Journal for Specialists in Group Work, 35(3), 236–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/01933922.2010.492904

Article  Google Scholar 

Dyar, C., Sarno, E. L., Newcomb, M. E., & Whitton, S. W. (2020). Longitudinal associations between minority stress, internalizing symptoms, and substance use among sexual and gender minority individuals assigned female at birth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000487

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Earley, L., & Cushway, D. (2002). The parentified child. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(2), 163–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104502007002005

Article  Google Scholar 

Ehrensaft, D. (2011). Boys will be girls, girls will be boys: Children affect parents as parents affect children in gender nonconformity. Psychoanalytic Psychology, 28(4), 528. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023828

Article  Google Scholar 

Fontanari, A. M. V., Vilanova, F., Schneider, M. A., Chinazzo, I., Soll, B. M., Schwarz, K., Lobato, M. I. R., & Costa, A. B. (2020). Gender affirmation is associated with transgender and gender nonbinary youth mental health improvement. LGBT Health. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2019.0046

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Giangrave, C. (2022). Vatican synod document acknowledges calls to welcome women, LGBTQ Catholics. Religion News Service. https://religionnews.com/2022/10/27/vatican-synod-document-acknowledges-calls-to-welcome-women-lgbtq-catholics/

Gonzalez, K. A., Rostosky, S. S., Odom, R. D., & Riggle, E. D. (2013). The positive aspects of being the parent of an LGBTQ child. Family Process, 52(2), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12009

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gray, S. A., Sweeney, K. K., Randazzo, R., & Levitt, H. M. (2016). “Am I doing the right thing?” Pathways to parenting a gender variant child. Family Process, 55(1), 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12128

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grossman, A. H., & D’Augelli, A. R. (2007). Transgender youth and life-threatening behaviors. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(5), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2016.1207581

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hawley, D. R., & DeHaan, L. (1996). Toward a definition of family resilience: Integrating life-span and family perspectives. Family Process, 35(3), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1545-5300.1996.00283.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heiden-Rootes, K. (2023). LGBTQ youth go to family therapy: Stories of opening up, listening to feelings, and taking on ghosts. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wvweKI6CXR88_Hx8-_R-y71x56Ky9tDV/view

Heiden-Rootes, K., McGeorge, C. R., Salas, J., & Levine, S. (2021). The effects of gender identity change efforts on Black, Latinx, and White transgender and gender nonbinary adults: Implications for ethical clinical practice. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, Online. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmft.12575

Article  Google Scholar 

Heiden-Rootes, K., Meyer, D., Levine, S., Dalton, M., & Rich, Q. (2023). “Testing the waters” in a “World that refuses to make space: Development and coming out with transgender and non-binary adults. Journal of Feminist Family Therapy, 1–21.

Hillier, A., & Torg, E. (2019). Parent participation in a support group for families with transgender and gender-nonconforming children:“Being in the company of others who do not question the reality of our experience.” Transgend Health, 4(1), 168–175. https://doi.org/10.1089/TRGH.2018.0018

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

hooks, b. (2004). The will to change: Men, masculinity, and love. Washington Square Press.

Google Scholar 

HRC. (2023). Schools in transition: A guide for supporting transgender students in K-12 schools. Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved September 12, 2023, from https://www.hrc.org/resources/schools-in-transition-a-guide-for-supporting-transgender-students-in-k-12-s

Jessen, R. S., Wæhre, A., David, L., & Stänicke, E. (2021). Negotiating gender in everyday life: Toward a conceptual model of gender dysphoria in adolescents. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 50(8), 3489–3503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02024-6

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johns, M. M., Liddon, N., Jayne, P. E., Beltran, O., Steiner, R. J., & Morris, E. (2018). Systematic mapping of relationship-level protective factors and sexual health outcomes among sexual minority youth: The role of peers, parents, partners, and providers. LGBT Health, 5(1), 6–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2017.0053

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson, S. L., & Benson, K. E. (2014). “It’s always the mother’s fault”: Secondary stigma of mothering a transgender child. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 10(1–2), 124–144. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2014.857236

Article  Google Scholar 

Johnson, K. C., LeBlanc, A. J., Sterzing, P. R., Deardorff, J., Antin, T., & Bockting, W. O. (2020). Trans adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of their parents’ supportive and rejecting behaviors. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 67(2), 156.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz-Wise, S. L., Ehrensaft, D., Vetters, R., Forcier, M., & Austin, S. B. (2018). Family functioning and mental health of transgender and gender-nonconforming youth in the Trans Teen and Family Narratives Project. The Journal of Sex Research, 55(4–5), 582–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1415291

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Katz-Wise, S. L., Godwin, E. G., Parsa, N., Brown, C. A., Pullen Sansfaçon, A., Goldman, R., MacNish, M., Rosal, M. C., & Austin, S. B. (2020). Using family and ecological systems approaches to conceptualize family-and community-based experiences of transgender and/or nonbinary youth from the trans teen and family narratives project. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. https://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000442

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuvalanka, K. A., Allen, S. H., Munroe, C., Goldberg, A. E., & Weiner, J. L. (2018). The experiences of sexual minority mothers with trans* children. Family Relations, 67(1), 70–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12226

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuvalanka, K. A., Bellis, C., Goldberg, A. E., & McGuire, J. K. (2019). An exploratory study of custody challenges experienced by affirming mothers of transgender and gender-nonconforming children. Family Court Review, 57(1), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12387

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuvalanka, K. A., Newsome, W. S., Letiecq, B. L., Neff, J., Neubeiser, K., Snodgrass, J., & Valentic, G. (2020). Grandmothers raising their transgender grandchildren: An exploratory study. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 16(3), 312–329.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuvalanka, K. A., Weiner, J. L., & Mahan, D. (2014). Child, family, and community transformations: Findings from interviews with mothers of transgender girls. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 10(4), 354–379. https://doi.org/10.1080/1550428X.2013.834529

Article  Google Scholar 

Kuvalanka, K. A., Weiner, J. L., Munroe, C., Goldberg, A. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Trans and gender-nonconforming children and their caregivers: Gender presentations, peer relations, and well-being at baseline. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(7), 889. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000338

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lamborn, S. D., & Nguyen, D.-G.T. (2004). African American adolescents’ perceptions of family interactions: Kinship support, parent–child relationships, and teen adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 33(6), 547–558. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOYO.0000048068.55441.d6

Article