Hatemi G, Ucar D, Uygunoglu U, Yazici H, Yazici Y. Behcet syndrome. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2023;49(3):585–602.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yazici Y, Hatemi G, Bodaghi B, et al. Behcet syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021;7(1):67.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yazici H, Seyahi E, Hatemi G, Yazici Y. Behcet syndrome: a contemporary view. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2018;14(2):119.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Esatoglu SN, Kutlubay Z, Ucar D, et al. Behcet’s syndrome: providing integrated care. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2017;10:309–19.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Senusi AA, Mather J, Ola D, Bergmeier LA, Gokani B, Fortune F. The impact of multifactorial factors on the quality of life of Behcet’s patients over 10 years. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:996571.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masoumi M, Sharifi A, Rezaei S, et al. Global systematic review and meta-analysis of health-related quality of life in Behcet’s patients. Caspian J Intern Med. 2022;13(3):447–57.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kural-Seyahi E, Fresko I, Seyahi N, et al. The long-term mortality and morbidity of Behcet syndrome: a 2-decade outcome survey of 387 patients followed at a dedicated center. Medicine (Baltimore). 2003;82(1):60–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Gurcan M, Esatoglu SN, Hamuryudan V, et al. Long term follow-up of Behcet’s syndrome patients treated with cyclophosphamide. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020;59(9):2264–71. (This is the largest study regarding the use of cyclophosphamide among BS patients and documents its long-term complications, including infertility and malignancy associated with this agent.)

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• David E, Fauvernier M, Saadoun D, et al. Mortality associated with Behcet’s disease in France assessed by multiple-cause-of-death analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2022;41(6):1749–58. (This is a mortality study from France, which collected data between 1979 and 2016. It indicates that BS patients have a shorter life expectancy than the general population, with infections and cardiovascular complications being the most common causes.)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Piga M, Floris A, Espinosa G, et al. Development and preliminary validation of the Behcet’s syndrome overall damage index (BODI). RMD Open. 2020;6(2). https://doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2020-001192. (This study outlines the development and validation of BODI, an assessment tool specifically designed for evaluating damage in BS patients.)

•• Floris A, Piga M, Laconi R, et al. Accrual of organ damage in Behcet’s syndrome: trajectory, associated factors, and impact on patients’ quality of life over a 2-year prospective follow-up study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2022;24(1):253. (This study demonstrated that organ damage in BS patients accumulates over time, with glucocorticoid use and flares identified as independent predictor factors of this damage. Immunosuppressive use was found to be protective.)

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Musavian S, Farzaneh R, Rahimi M, Mahdavi AM, Gojazadeh M, Khabbazi A. Validity and reliability of the BODI for assessing damage in Behcet’s disease. Ir J Med Sci. 2023;192(5):2549–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yagiz Ozogul Y, Ozguler Y, Ucar D, et al. Validation of Behçet’s disease overall damage index (BODI) for retrospective studies and a proposal for modification [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2022;74(Suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/validation-of-behcets-disease-overall-damage-index-bodi-for-retrospective-studies-and-a-proposal-for-modification/.

• Karacayli U, Adesanya A, Aksoy A, et al. The assessment of presenteeism and activity impairment in Behcet’s syndrome and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a multicentre study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2022;61(4):1538–47. (This study showed that joint involvement and oral ulcer related pain adversely affect activity impairment in active BS patients compared to inactive patients.)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Senusi AA, Ola D, Mather J, Mather J, Fortune F. Behcet’s syndrome and health-related quality of life: influence of symptoms, lifestyle and employment status. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2017;35 Suppl 108(6):43–50.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Senusi A, Seoudi N, Bergmeier LA, Fortune F. Genital ulcer severity score and genital health quality of life in Behcet’s disease. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2015;10:117.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moses Alder N, Fisher M, Yazici Y. Behcet’s syndrome patients have high levels of functional disability, fatigue and pain as measured by a multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire (MDHAQ). Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008;26(4 Suppl 50):S110–3.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mat MC, Goksugur N, Engin B, Yurdakul S, Yazici H. The frequency of scarring after genital ulcers in Behcet’s syndrome: a prospective study. Int J Dermatol. 2006;45(5):554–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tugal-Tutkun I, Onal S, Altan-Yaycioglu R, Huseyin Altunbas H, Urgancioglu M. Uveitis in Behcet disease: an analysis of 880 patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004;138(3):373–80.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cingu AK, Onal S, Urgancioglu M, Tugal-Tutkun I. Comparison of presenting features and three-year disease course in Turkish patients with Behcet uveitis who presented in the early 1990s and the early 2000s. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2012;20(6):423–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taylor SR, Singh J, Menezo V, Wakefield D, McCluskey P, Lightman S. Behcet disease: visual prognosis and factors influencing the development of visual loss. Am J Ophthalmol. 2011;152(6):1059–66.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belkhadir K, Boutimzine N, Tachfouti S, Laghmari M, Amazouzi A, Cherkaoui O. Uveitic glaucoma in Behcet’s disease: when everything gets complicated. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2020;43(7):635–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Elgin U, Berker N, Batman A. Incidence of secondary glaucoma in Behcet disease. J Glaucoma. 2004;13(6):441–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Takahashi T, Ohtani S, Miyata K, Miyata N, Shirato S, Mochizuki M. A clinical evaluation of uveitis-associated secondary glaucoma. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2002;46(5):556–62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tascilar K, Melikoglu M, Ugurlu S, Sut N, Caglar E, Yazici H. Vascular involvement in Behcet’s syndrome: a retrospective analysis of associations and the time course. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2014;53(11):2018–22.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

• Aksoy A, Colak S, Yagiz B, et al. Predictors for the risk and severity of post-thrombotic syndrome in vascular Behcet’s disease. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(6):1451–9. (This study showed that BS patients with lower extremity deep vein thrombosis have a high risk of developing severe post thrombotic syndrome.)

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seyahi E, Cakmak OS, Tutar B, et al. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation of lower-extremity vein thrombosis in behcet syndrome: an observational study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(44):e1899.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ozguler Y, Kutlubay Z, Dikici AS, Melikoglu M, Mat C, Yazici H, Seyahi E. Leg ulcers in Behçet’s syndrome: an observational survey in 24 patients [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2018;70(Suppl 9). https://acrabstracts.org/abstract/leg-ulcers-in-behcets-syndrome-an-observational-survey-in-24-patients/.

Seyahi E, Caglar E, Ugurlu S, et al. An outcome survey of 43 patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome due to Behcet’s syndrome followed up at a single, dedicated center. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2015;44(5):602–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Desbois AC, Rautou PE, Biard L, et al. Behcet’s disease in Budd-Chiari syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2014;9:104.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Moon H, Lee YJ, Lee SI, Yoo WH. Chylothorax and chylopericardium as the initial clinical manifestation of Behcet’s disease. Rheumatol Int. 2008;28(4):375–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gokturk A, Esatoglu SN, Atahan E, Hamuryudan V, Yazici H, Seyahi E. Increased frequency of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in Behcet’s syndrome patients with superior vena cava syndrome. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019;37 Suppl 121(6):132–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Saadoun D, Asli B, Wechsler B, et al. Long-term outcome of arterial lesions in Behcet disease: a series of 101 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2012;91(1):18–24.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Seyahi E, Melikoglu M, Akman C, et al. Pulmonary artery involvement and associated lung disease in Behcet disease: a series of 47 patients. Medicine (Baltimore). 2012;91(1):35–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamuryudan V, Er T, Seyahi E, et al. Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behcet syndrome. Am J Med. 2004;117(11):867–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hamuryudan V, Yurdakul S, Moral F, et al. Pulmonary arterial aneurysms in Behcet’s syndrome: a report of 24 cases. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33(1):48–51.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Esatoglu SN, Seyahi E, Ugurlu S, et al. Bronchial artery enlargement may be the cause of recurrent haemoptysis in Behcet’s syndrome patients with pulmonary artery involvement during follow-up. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2016;34(6 Suppl 102):92–6.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yildizeli SO, Yanartas M, Tas S, et al. Outcomes of patients with Behcet’s syndrome after pulmonary endarterectomy. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018;66(2):187–92.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uygunoglu U, Siva A. An uncommon disease included commonly in the differential diagnosis of neurological diseases: neuro-Behcet’s syndrome. J Neurol Sci. 2021;426:117436.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Siva A, Kantarci OH, Saip S, et al. Behcet’s disease: diagnostic and prognostic aspects of neurological involvement. J Neurol. 2001;248(2):95–103.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Akman-Demir G, Serdaroglu P, Tasci B. Clinical patterns of neurological involvement in Behcet’s disease: evaluation of 200 patients. Neuro-Behcet Study Group Brain. 1999;122(Pt 11):2171–82.

Article  Google Scholar 

Noel N, Bernard R, Wechsler B, et al. Long-term outcome of neuro-Behcet’s disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014;66(5):1306–14.