Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Smigal C, Thun MJ (2006) Cancer statistics, 2006. CA Cancer J Clin 56(2):106–130. https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.56.2.106

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bog-dahn U et al (2005) Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med 352:987–996. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043330

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stupp R, Hegi ME, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Taphoorn MJ, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Allgeier A, Fisher B, Belanger K et al (2009) Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5‑year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial. Lancet Oncol 10:459–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(09)70025-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Biswas T, Okunieff P, Schell MC, Smudzin T, Pilcher WH, Bakos RS, Vates GE, Walter KA, Wensel A, Korones DN et al (2009) Stereotactic radiosurgery for glioblastoma: retrospective analysis. Radiat Oncol 4:11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-717X-4-11

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Niranjan A, Kano H, Iyer A, Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD (2015) Role of adjuvant or salvage radiosurgery in the management of unresected residual or progressive glioblastoma multiforme in the pre-bevacizumab era. J Neurosurg 122:757–765. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.JNS13295

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Park KJ, Kano H, Iyer A, Liu X, Niranjan A, Flickinger JC, Lieberman FS, Lunsford LD, Kondziolka D (2012) Salvage gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery followed by bevacizumab for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: a case-control study. J Neurooncol 107:323–333. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-011-0744-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Patel M, Siddiqui F, Jin JY, Mikkelsen T, Rosenblum M, Movsas B, Ryu S (2009) Salvage reirradiation for recurrent glioblastoma with radiosurgery: Radiographic response and improved survival. J Neurooncol 92:185–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-008-9752-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Skeie BS, Enger PØ, Brøgger J, Ganz JC, Thorsen F, Heggdal JI, Pedersen PH (2012) γ knife surgery versus reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. World Neurosurg 78:658–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2012.03.024

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bräutigam E, Lampl C, Track C, Nieder C, Pichler J, Hammer J, Geinitz H (2019) Re-irradiation of recurrent glioblastoma as part of a sequential multimodality treatment concept. Clin Transl Oncol 21:582–587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-018-1957-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frischer JM, Marosi C, Woehrer A, Hainfellner JA, Dieckmann KU, Eiter H, Wang WT, Mallouhi A, Ertl A, Knosp E et al (2016) Gamma knife radiosurgery in recurrent glioblastoma. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 94:265–272. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448924

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yazici G, Cengiz M, Ozyigit G, Eren G, Yildiz F, Akyol F, Gurkaynak M, Zorlu F (2014) Hypofractionated stereotactic reirradiation for recurrent glioblastoma. J Neurooncol 120:117–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1524-0

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martínez-Carrillo M, Tovar-Martín I, Zurita-Herrera M, Del Moral-Ávila R, Guerrero-Tejada R, Saura-Rojas E, Osorio-Ceballos JL, Arrebola-Moreno JP, Expósito-Hernández J (2014) Salvage radiosurgery for selected patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. Biomed Res Int 2:657953

Google Scholar 

National Comprehensive Cancer Network (2022) Central Nervous System Cancers. https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/cns_blocks.pdf. Accessed 1 Feb 2023

Bloch O, Han SJ, Cha S, Sun MZ, Aghi MK, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Parsa AT (2012) Impact of extent of resection for recurrent glioblastoma on overall survival: clinical article. J Neurosurg 117:1032–1038. https://doi.org/10.3171/2012.9.JNS12504

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Friedman HS, Prados MD, Wen PY, Mikkelsen T, Schiff D, Abrey LE, Yung WK, Paleologos N, Nicholas MK, Jensen R et al (2009) Bevacizumab alone and in combination with irinotecan in recurrent glioblastoma. J Clin Oncol 27:4733–4740. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.19.8721

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lombardi G, De Salvo GL, Brandes AA, Eoli M, Rudà R, Faedi M, Lolli I, Pace A, Daniele B, Pasqualetti F et al (2019) Regorafenib compared with lomustine in patients with relapsed glioblastoma (REGOMA): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 20:110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(18)30675-2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Navarria P, Minniti G, Clerici E, Tomatis S, Pinzi V, Ciammella P, Galaverni M, Amelio D, Scartoni D, Scoccianti S et al (2019) Re-irradiation for recurrent glioma: Outcome evaluation, toxicity and prognostic factors assessment. A multicenter study of the Radiation Oncology Italian Association (AIRO). J Neurooncol 142:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-018-03059-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mazzola R, Corradini S, Gregucci F, Figlia V, Fiorentino A, Alongi F (2019) Role of radiosurgery/stereotactic radiotherapy in oligometastatic disease: brain oligometastases. Front Oncol 9:206. https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00206

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Meduri B, Gregucci F, D’Angelo E, Alitto AR, Ciurlia E, Desideri I, Marino L, Borghetti P, Fiore M, Fiorentino A, AIRO Giovani -Italian Association of Radiation Oncology-Young Members (2020) Volume de-escalation in radiation therapy: state of the art and new perspectives. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 146:909–924. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-020-03152-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gregucci F, Surgo A, Carbonara R, Laera L, Ciliberti MP, Gentile MA et al (2022) Radiosurgery and stereotactic brain radiotherapy with systemic therapy in recurrent high-grade gliomas: is it feasible? Therapeutic strategies in recurrent high-grade Gliomas. J Pers Med 12(8):1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12081336

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fogh SE, Andrews DW, Glass J, Curran W, Glass C, Champ C, Evans JJ, Hyslop T, Pequignot E, Downes B et al (2010) Hypofractionated stereotactic radiation therapy: An effective therapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas. J Clin Oncol 28:3048–3053. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2009.25.6941

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Holt DE, Bernard ME, Quan K, Clump DA, Engh JA, Burton SA, Heron DE (2016) Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme with prior radiation therapy. J Cancer Res Ther 12:1243–1248. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.199537

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martínez-Garcia M, Álvarez-Linera J, Carrato C, Ley L, Luque R, Maldonado X, Martínez-Aguillo M, Navarro LM, Vaz-Salgado MA, Gil-Gil M (2018) SEOM clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of glioblastoma. Clin Transl Oncol 20:22–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12094-017-1763-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Torok JA, Wegner RE, Mintz AH, Heron DE, Burton SA (2011) Re-irradiation with radiosurgery for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. Technol Cancer Res Treat 10:253–258. https://doi.org/10.7785/tcrt.2012.500200

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gigliotti MJ, Hasan S, Karlovits SM, Ranjan T, Wegner RE Re-irradiation with stereotactic radiosurgery/radiotherapy for recurrent high-grade gliomas: Improved survival in the modern era. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 96:289–295. https://doi.org/10.1159/000493545

Therasse P, Arbuck SG, Eisenhauer EA, Wanders J, Kaplan RS, Rubinstein L, Verweij J, Van Glabbeke M, van Oosterom AT, Christian MC et al (2000) New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. J Natl Cancer Inst 92:205–216. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/92.3.205

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alongi F, Fiorentino A, Gregucci F, Corradini S, Giaj-Levra N, Romano L, Rigo M, Ricchetti F, Beltramello A, Lunardi G et al (2019) First experience and clinical results using a new non-coplanar mono-isocenter technique (HyperArc™) for Linac-based VMAT radiosurgery in brain metastases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 145:193–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-018-2781-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gregucci F, Bonaparte I, Surgo A, Caliandro M, Carbonara R, Ciliberti MP, Aga A, Berloco F, De Masi M, De Pascali C et al (2021) Brain linac-based radiation therapy: “test drive” of new immobilization solution and surface guided radiation therapy. J Pers Med 11:1351. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11121351

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gregucci F, Surgo A, Bonaparte I, Laera L, Ciliberti MP, Carbonara R, Gentile MA, Giraldi D, Calbi R, Caliandro M et al (2021) Poor-prognosis patients affected by glioblastoma: retrospective study of hypofractionated radiotherapy with simultaneous integrated boost and concurrent/Adjuvant Temozolomide. J Pers Med 11:1145. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm11111145

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Stiefel I, Schröder C, Tanadini-Lang S, Pytko I, Vu E, Klement RJ, Guckenberger M, Andratschke N et al (2021) High-dose re-irradiation of intracranial lesions—Efficacy and safety including dosimetric analysis based on accumulated EQD2Gy dose EQD calculation. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 27:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctro.2021.01.011

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Weller M, van den Bent M, Preusser M, Le Rhun E, Tonn JC, Minniti G, Bendszus M, Balana C, Chinot O, Dirven L et al (2021) EANO guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of diffuse gliomas of adulthood. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 18(3):170–186. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41571-020-00447-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hau P, Baumgart U, Pfeifer K, Bock A, Jauch T, Dietrich J, Fabel K, Grauer O, Wismeth C, Klinkhammer-Schalke M et al (2003) Salvage therapy in patients with glioblastoma: Is there any benefit? Cancer 98:2678–2686. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.11845

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kondziolka D, Flickinger JC, Bissonette DJ, Bozik M, Lunsford LD (1997) Survival benefit of stereotactic radiosurgery for patients with malignant glial neoplasms. Neurosurgery 41:776–783. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199710000-00004 (discussion 783–5)

Article  CAS  PubMed