Acute abdominal perforation as a clinical presentation of coeliac disease

Coeliac disease is an autoimmune condition characterised by small intestinal enteropathy and systemic symptoms related to malabsorption and/or immune activation in genetically predisposed individuals [1]. There is considerable evidence to support the use of tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody (tTG) assays, which have 95 % sensitivity and specificity, to initially test for coeliac disease [2]. Although diarrhoea is the most common symptom initially presented, most patients receive a diagnosis based on other signs or symptoms (e.g., osteoporosis, anaemia, bloating, or irregular bowel habits). Some patients present infrequent symptoms such as migraines, neuropsychiatric symptoms and abnormal liver enzyme levels [1], [3], [4], [5], [6]. Intestinal perforation is rarely observed in patients with coeliac disease, but it is frequent in cases of Enteropathy-Associated T-cell Lymphoma (EATL), where its prevalence ranges from 25 to 50 % [7], [8].

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