From the ∗Respiratory Institute

†Imaging Institute

‡Quantitative Health Sciences Department, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio.

Correspondence: Sudhir Krishnan, MD, MRCPUK, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Suite A90, Cleveland, OH 44195 (e-mail: [email protected]).

Author contributions: A.P., A.D., J.K., R.Y., and S.K. contributed substantially to the study design, data analysis, data interpretation, and manuscript drafting. M.L. and X.W. had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the analysis. A.P. has agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. S.K. and A.D. have provided final approval of the version to be published.

The authors report no funding sources relevant to this work.

The authors disclose no conflict of interest.

Prior abstract publication: Preliminary data of this work have been presented in the form of an abstract at the Society of Critical Care Medicine 2018 Conference at San Antonio, Texas.

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