Does a Ketogenic Diet Have a Place Within Diabetes Clinical Practice? Review of Current Evidence and Controversies

Sapra A, Bhandari P. Diabetes mellitus. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2022.

Google Scholar 

World Health Organisation, Global Report on Diabetes (2016). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565257.

Khan MAB, Hashim MJ, King JK, Govender RD, Mustafa H, Al-Kaabi J. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes—global burden of disease and forecasted trends. J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2020;10:107–11.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) Guideline NG28 - Type 2 diabetes in adults: management (2022). Available at: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng28.

Davies MJ, Aroda VR, Collins BS, et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care. 2022;45(2022):2753–86.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Riddle MC, Cefalu WT, Evans PH, et al. Consensus report: definition and interpretation of remission in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2021;64(11):2359–366.

Boye KS, Thieu VT, Lage MJ, Miller H, Paczkowski R. The association between sustained HbA1c control and long-term complications among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective study. Adv Ther. 2022;39:2208–21.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Asamane EA, Greig CA, Aunger JA, Thompson JL. Perceptions and factors influencing eating behaviours and physical function in community-dwelling ethnically diverse older adults: a longitudinal qualitative study. Nutrients. 2019;11:1224.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taheri S, Zaghloul H, Chagoury O, et al. Effect of intensive lifestyle intervention on bodyweight and glycaemia in early type 2 diabetes (DIADEM-I): an open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2020;8:477–89.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lean MEJ, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Durability of a primary care-led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019;7:344–55.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gregg EW, Chen H, Wagenknecht LE, et al. Association of an intensive lifestyle intervention with remission of type 2 diabetes. JAMA. 2012;308:2489–96.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Unwin D, Delon C, Unwin J, Tobin S, Taylor R. What predicts drug-free type 2 diabetes remission? Insights from an 8-year general practice service evaluation of a lower carbohydrate diet with weight loss. BMJ Nutr Prevent Health. 2023;6:e000544.

Google Scholar 

Dyson PA, Twenefour D, Breen C, et al. Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabetes Med. 2018;35:541–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Zhang Y, Pan XF, Chen J, et al. Combined lifestyle factors and risk of incident type 2 diabetes and prognosis among individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetologia. 2020;63:21–33.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fildes A, Charlton J, Rudisill C, Littlejohns P, Prevost AT, Gulliford MC. Probability of an obese person attaining normal body weight: cohort study using electronic health records. Am J Public Health. 2015;105:e54–59.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, et al. Primary care-led weight management for remission of type 2 diabetes (DiRECT): an open-label, cluster-randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391:541–51.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guess ND. Could dietary modification independent of energy balance influence the underlying pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes? Implications for type 2 diabetes remission. Diabetes Ther. 2022;13:603–17.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kossoff EH, Zupec-Kania BA, Rho JM. Ketogenic diets: an update for child neurologists. J Child Neurol. 2009;24:979–88.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

D’Andrea-Meira I, Romao TT, Pires-do-Prado HJ, Kruger LT, Pires MEP, da Conceicao PO. Ketogenic diet and epilepsy: what we know so far. Front Neurosci. 2019;13:5.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westman EC, Yancy WS, Humphreys M. Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the pre-insulin era (1914–1922). Perspect Biol Med. 2006;49:77–83.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2019;42:731–54.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Taylor R, Holman RR. Normal weight individuals who develop type 2 diabetes: the personal fat threshold. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015;128:405–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kirkpatrick CF, Bolick JP, Kris-Etherton PM, et al. Review of current evidence and clinical recommendations on the effects of low-carbohydrate and very-low-carbohydrate (including ketogenic) diets for the management of body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors: a scientific statement from the National Lipid Association Nutrition and Lifestyle Task Force. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13:689–711.e681.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

World Health Organisation – Diabetes. (2023). Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/factsheets/detail/diabetes2023

Dyson PA, Kelly T, Deakin T, et al. Diabetes UK evidence-based nutrition guidelines for the prevention and management of diabetes. Diabetes Med. 2011;28:1282–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Scott E, Shehata M, Panesar A, Summers C, Dale J. The Low Carb Program for people with type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes: a mixed methods feasibility study of signposting from general practice. BJGP Open. 2022. https://doi.org/10.3399/BJGPO.2021.0137.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Singh M, Hung ES, Cullum A, et al. Lower carbohydrate diets for adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Med. 2022;39:e14674.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Feinman RD, Pogozelski WK, Astrup A, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: critical review and evidence base. Nutrition. 2015;31:1–13.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oh R, Gilani B, Uppaluri KR. Low carbohydrate diet. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2022.

Google Scholar 

Masood W, Annamaraju P, Uppaluri KR. Ketogenic diet. Treasure Island: StatPearls; 2023.

Google Scholar 

Zhu H, Bi D, Zhang Y, et al. Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2022;7:11.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dabek A, Wojtala M, Pirola L, Balcerczyk A. Modulation of cellular biochemistry, epigenetics and metabolomics by ketone bodies implications of the ketogenic diet in the physiology of the organism and pathological states. Nutrients. 2020;12:788.

Article  CAS  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ernesti I, Baratta F, Watanabe M, et al. Predictors of weight loss in patients with obesity treated with a very low-calorie ketogenic diet. Front Nutr. 2023;10:1058364.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brown A, McArdle P, Taplin J, et al. Dietary strategies for remission of type 2 diabetes: a narrative review. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2022;35:165–78.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roekenes J, Martins C. Ketogenic diets and appetite regulation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2021;24:359–63.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Westerterp-Plantenga MS, Lemmens SG, Westerterp KR. Dietary protein—its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health. Br J Nutr. 2012;108(Suppl 2):S105–112.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nymo S, Coutinho SR, Jorgensen J, et al. Timeline of changes in appetite during weight loss with a ketogenic diet. Int J Obes (Lond). 2017;41:1224–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lambrechts DA, Brandt-Wouters E, Verschuure P, Vles HS, Majoie MJ. A prospective study on changes in blood levels of cholecystokinin-8 and leptin in patients with refractory epilepsy treated with the ketogenic diet. Epilepsy Res. 2016;127:87–92.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chearskul S, Delbridge E, Shulkes A, Proietto J, Kriketos A. Effect of weight loss and ketosis on postprandial cholecystokinin and free fatty acid concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;87:1238–46.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marchio M, Roli L, Lucchi C, et al. Ghrelin plasma levels after 1 year of ketogenic diet in children with refractory epilepsy. Front Nutr. 2019;6:112.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stubbs BJ, Cox PJ, Evans RD, Cyranka M, Clarke K, de Wet H. A ketone ester drink lowers human ghrelin and appetite. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2018;26:269–73.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diabetes UK, Low-carb diets position statement for professionals (2021). Available at: https://www.diabetes.org.uk/professionals/position-statements-reports/food-nutrition-lifestyle/low-carb-diets-forpeople-with-diabetes.

Saslow LR, Mason AE, Kim S, et al. An online intervention comparing a very low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet and lifestyle recommendations versus a plate method diet in overweight individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. J Med Internet Res. 2017;19:e36.

Article  PubMed Central  PubMed 

留言 (0)

沒有登入
gif