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Miller LJ. Sexuality, reproduction, and family planning in women with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull. 1997;23:623–35.
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•• Brand BA, Haveman YRA, De Beer F, De Boer JN, Dazzan P, Sommer IEC. Antipsychotic medication for women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 13];52:649. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8961338/. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of considerations for antipsychotic medications in women including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, including areas where further research and clinical guidance is needed to improve care.
Harangozo J, Reneses B, Brohan E, Sebes J, Csukly G, López-Ibor JJ, et al. Stigma and discrimination against people with schizophrenia related to medical services. [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2023 Jul 21];60:359–66. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764013490263.
Breadon C, Kulkarni J. An update on medication management of women with schizophrenia in pregnancy. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2023 Jul 21];20:1365–76. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1612876.
Riecher-Rössler A, Butler S, Kulkarni J. Sex and gender differences in schizophrenic psychoses—a critical review. Archives of Women’s Mental Health 2018 21:6 [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2023 Jul 13];21:627–48. Available from: https://link-springer-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/article/10.1007/s00737-018-0847-9.
•• Reilly TJ, Sagnay De La Bastida VC, Joyce DW, Cullen AE, McGuire P. Exacerbation of psychosis during the perimenstrual phase of the menstrual cycle: systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 13];46:78. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6942155/. This systematic review of perimenstrual exacerbation of psychosis found admission was 1.48 times higher than expected (95% CI: 1.31-1.67) during the perimenstrual phase.
Hsiao MC, Hsiao CC, Liu CY. Premenstrual symptoms and premenstrual exacerbation in patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2023 Jul 13];58:186–90. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/15009825/.
Gleeson PC, Worsley R, Gavrilidis E, Nathoo S, Ng E, Lee S, et al. Menstrual cycle characteristics in women with persistent schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jul 13];50:481–7. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/26070315/.
O’Keane V. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia, hypogonadism and osteoporosis in the treatment of schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2023 Jul 13];22:70–5. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/18477623/.
Gupta S, Lakshmanan DAM, Khastgir U, Nair R. Management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. BJPsych Adv [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Jul 13];23:278–86. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bjpsych-advances/article/management-of-antipsychoticinduced-hyperprolactinaemia/6495A80D8850C4233ACDF8F4EDEC1A0C.
• Brand BA, de Boer JN, Dazzan P, Sommer IE. Towards better care for women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2022 May 16];9:330–6. Available from: http://www.thelancet.com/article/S2215036621003837/fulltext. This review provides a helpful high-level overview of considerations related to the clinical care of women with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Fitzgerald P, Dinan TG. Prolactin and dopamine: what is the connection? A review article. J Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2008 [cited 2023 Jul 13];22:12–9. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18477617/.
Bushe C, Shaw M. Prevalence of hyperprolactinaemia in a naturalistic cohort of schizophrenia and bipolar outpatients during treatment with typical and atypical antipsychotics. [Internet]. 2007 [cited 2023 Jul 13];21:768–73. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881107078281?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub++0pubmed.
Meaney AM, Smith S, Howes OD, O’Brien M, Murray RM, O’Keane V. Effects of long-term prolactin-raising antipsychotic medication on bone mineral density in patients with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2004 [cited 2023 Jul 13];184:503–8. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/15172944/.
Kinon BJ, Ahl J, Liu-Seifert H, Maguire GA. Improvement in hyperprolactinemia and reproductive comorbidities in patients with schizophrenia switched from conventional antipsychotics or risperidone to olanzapine. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2006;31:577–88.
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de Jager J, van Greevenbroek R, Nugter A, van Os J. Sexual expression and it’s determinants, in people diagnosed with psychotic disorders. Community Ment Health J [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Feb 20];54:1082–8. Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10597-018-0285-1.
McCann E, Donohue G, de Jager J, Nugter A, Stewart J, Eustace-Cook J. Sexuality and intimacy among people with serious mental illness. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2019.
• Barker LC, Vigod SN, Hussain Z, France J, Rodriguez A, Lubotzky-Gete S, et al. Sexual health experiences of women and non-binary people with early psychosis: qualitative study. BJPsych Open [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Aug 11];9:e146. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37551106/. This Canadian qualitative study found that for women and non-binary people with early psychosis, psychosis impacted sexual health and well-being in multiple and diverse ways.
Jeffery D, Clement S, Corker E, Howard LM, Murray J, Thornicroft G. Discrimination in relation to parenthood reported by community psychiatric service users in the UK: a framework analysis. BMC Psychiatry [Internet]. 2013 [cited 2023 Aug 5];13:120. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637460/.
Chernomas WM, Clarke DE, Chisholm FA. Perspectives of women living with schizophrenia. Psychiatric Services [Internet]. 2000 [cited 2023 Aug 5];51:1517–21. Available from: https://ps-psychiatryonline-org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/doi/10.1176/appi.ps.51.12.1517.
Seeman M V. Intervention to prevent child custody loss in mothers with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res Treatment [Internet]. 2012 [cited 2023 Jul 13];2012:1–6. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3420381/.
Sahota PKC, Sankar PL. Bipolar disorder, genetic risk, and reproductive decision-making: a qualitative study of social media discussion boards. Qual Health Res [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Aug 5];30:293–302. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31409193/.
Howard LM, Kumar C, Leese M, Thornicroft G. The general fertility rate in women with psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:991–7.
Howard LM. Fertility and pregnancy in women with psychotic disorders. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2005;119:3–10.
Vigod SN, Seeman MV, Ray JG, Anderson GM, Dennis CL, Grigoriadis S, et al. Temporal trends in general and age-specific fertility rates among women with schizophrenia (1996–2009): a population-based study in Ontario. Canada Schizophr Res. 2012;139:169–75.
Brown HK, Dennis C-L, Kurdyak P, Vigod SN. A population-based study of the frequency and predictors of induced abortion among women with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2019 Aug 13];1–8. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0007125018002623/type/journal_article.
• Zerihun T, Sorsdahl K, Hanlon C. Family planning for women with severe mental illness in rural Ethiopia: a qualitative study. Reprod Health [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 15];18. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/34583725/. This Ethiopian qualitative study found that women with severe mental illness had not received family planning information.
• Barker LC, Zaheer J, Hussain Z, France J, Rodriguez A, Lubotzky-Gete S, et al. Experiences of sexual and reproductive health care access for women and nonbinary people with early psychosis: towards an integrated perspective of service users and clinicians. Can J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 15]; Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/37448301/. This Canadian qualitative study found that women and non-binary people with early psychosis had a range of experiences accessing sexual and reproductive health services, with multiple forms of barriers.
Gamble CJ. The sterilization of psychotic patients under state laws. Am J Psychiatry. 1948;105:60–2.
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Seeman MV, Ross R. Prescribing contraceptives for women with schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Pract. 2011;17:258–69.
Brown E, Castagnini E, Langstone A, Mifsud N, Gao C, McGorry P, et al. High-risk sexual behaviours in young people experiencing a first episode of psychosis. Early Interv Psychiatry [Internet]. 2022; Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/eip.13301.
Gupta R, Brown HK, Barker LC, Dennis C-L, Vigod SN. Rapid repeat pregnancy in women with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res [Internet]. 2019;212:86–91. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.007.
Schoretsanitis G, Deligiannidis KM, Paulzen M, Spina E, de Leon J. Drug-drug interactions between psychotropic medications and oral contraceptives. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 15];18:395–411. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/35876180/.
Suhas S, Manchegowda S, Venkatasubramanian G, Kumar V. Clozapine and oral contraceptives - implications beyond pharmacokinetics: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 15];41:487–90. Available from: https://journals-lww-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/psychopharmacology/Fulltext/2021/07000/Clozapine_and_Oral_Contraceptives_Implications.22.aspx.
Jones I, Chandra PS, Dazzan P, Howard LM. Bipolar disorder, affective psychosis, and schizophrenia in pregnancy and the post-partum period. The Lancet. 2014;384:1789–99.
Rochon-Terry G, Gruneir A, Seeman M V, Ray JG, Rochon P, Dennis CL, et al. Hospitalizations and emergency department visits for psychiatric illness during and after pregnancy among women with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016;77:541–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27035409.
Munk-Olsen T, Laursen TM, Mendelson T, Pedersen CB, Mors O, Mortensen PB. Risks and predictors of readmission for a mental disorder during the postpartum period. Arch Gen Psychiatry [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2023 Apr 4];66:189–95. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19188541/.
• Simoila L, Isometsä E, Gissler M, Suvisaari J, Halmesmäki E, Lindberg N. Schizophrenia and pregnancy: a national register-based follow-up study among Finnish women born between 1965 and 1980. Arch Womens Ment Health [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 15];23:91–100. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/30762149/. This population-based Finnish study examined multiple perinatal outcomes among those with schizophrenia, and found a higher risk of several adverse outcomes including insulin initiation, hypertension, and hospitalizations.
Meier SM, Mors O, Parner E. Familial confounding of the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and schizophrenia. https://doi-org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/101176/appi.ajp201616080898 [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Aug 11];174:187. Available from: https://ajp-psychiatryonline-org.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/doi/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16080898.
• Leslie K, Barker LC, Brown HK, Chen S, Lee Dennis C, Ray JG, et al. Risk of interpersonal violence during and after pregnancy among people with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ Canadian Medical Association Journal [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 15];195:E322–9. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9987232/. This population-based Canadian study found that perinatal individuals with psychosis were much more likely to have emergency visits for interpersonal violence, and to self-report interpersonal violence.
World Health Organization. Implementation guidance: protecting, promoting and supporting breastfeeding in facilities providing maternity and newborn services: the revised baby-friendly hospital initiative [Internet]. 2018. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/272943.
Taylor CL, Brown HK, Saunders NR, Barker LC, Chen S, Cohen E, et al. Maternal schizophrenia, skin-to-skin contact, and infant feeding initiation. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 15];48:145–53. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/34308961/.
•• Vigod SN, Fung K, Amartey A, Bartsch E, Felemban R, Saunders N, et al. Maternal schizophrenia and adverse birth outcomes: what mediates the risk? Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 15];55:561–70. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/31811316/. This population-based Canadian study found that some adverse birth outcomes (preterm birth, small for gestational age, low Apgar scores) in infants born to women with schizophrenia were partly mediated by factors like smoking and illicit drug use.
Vigod SN, Ray JG, Cohen E, Wilton AS, Saunders NR, Barker LC, et al. Maternal schizophrenia and the risk of a childhood chronic condition. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 15];48:1252–62. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/35900007/.
Taylor CL, Brown HK, Saunders NR, Barker LC, Chen S, Cohen E, et al. Accidental injury, self-injury, and assault among children of women with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study. Acta Psychiatr Scand [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 15];143:406–17. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/33502768/.
Toufeili A, Cohen E, Ray JG, Wilton AS, Brown HK, Saunders NR, et al. Complex chronic conditions among children born to women with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 15];241:24–35. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/35074529/.
Taylor CL, Brown HK, Saunders NR, Barker LC, Chen S, Cohen E, et al. Preventive health care among children of women with schizophrenia: a population-based cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 15];84. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/36856526/.
Dazzan P. Schizophrenia during pregnancy. Curr Opin Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 21];34:238–44. Available from: https://journals-lww-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/co-psychiatry/Fulltext/2021/05000/Schizophrenia_during_pregnancy.8.aspx.
Leistikow N, Smith MH, Payne JL, Osborne LM. Is valproate reasonable? Am J Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 21];178:99. Available from: /pmc/articles/PMC8015434/
•• Kucukgoncu S, Guloksuz S, Celik K, Bahtiyar MO, Luykx JJ, Rutten BPF, et al. Antipsychotic exposure in pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2023 Jul 20];46:311. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7442324/. This systematic review found that gestational diabetes risk was higher among those who took antipsychotics compared to healthy controls, but not higher among those who took antipsychotics compared to those who stopped them.
Wang Z, Wong ICK, Man KKC, Alfageh BH, Mongkhon P, Brauer R. The use of antipsychotic agents during pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 20];51:1028–37. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/31969198/.
•• Wang Z, Man KKC, Ma T, Howard LM, Wei L, Wong ICK, et al. Association between antipsychotic use in pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes: population-based cohort studies from the United Kingdom and Hong Kong and an updated meta-analysis. Schizophr Res [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 20];229:55–62. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/33243714/. This study combined data from population-based studies in the United Kingdom and Hong Kong, and found that gestational diabetes risk was not higher among those who continued versus discontinued antipsychotic medications during pregnancy.
•• Wang Z, Chan AYL, Coghill D, Ip P, Lau WCY, Simonoff E, et al. Association between prenatal exposure to antipsychotics and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, preterm birth, and small for gestational age. JAMA Intern Med [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Jul 20];181:1332–40. Available from: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/2782815. This population-based study from Hong Kong found no association between antipsychotic exposure in utero and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, preterm birth, or small for gestational age birth.
•• Hálfdánarson Ó, Cohen JM, Karlstad Ø, Cesta CE, Bjørk MH, Håberg SE, et al. Original research: antipsychotic use in pregnancy and risk of attention/deficit-hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder: a Nordic cohort study. Evid Based Ment Health [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 20];25:54. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9046752/. This population-based pan-Nordic study found no association between antipsychotic exposure in utero and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or autism spectrum disorder.
Straub L, Hernández-Díaz S, Bateman BT, Wisner KL, Gray KJ, Pennell PB, et al. Association of antipsychotic drug exposure in pregnancy with risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: a national birth cohort study. JAMA Intern Med [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 20];182:522–33. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/35343998/.
Momen NC, Robakis T, Liu X, Reichenberg A, Bergink V, Munk-Olsen T. In utero exposure to antipsychotic medication and psychiatric outcomes in the offspring. Neuropsychopharmacology [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 20];47:759–66. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34750566/.
• O’Sullivan DL, Byatt N, Dossett EC. Long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications in pregnancy: a review. J Acad Consult Liaison Psychiatry. 2022;63:53–60. This review of long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication in pregnancy found only 12 case reports, highlighting gaps in knowledge about these formulations.
Menopause [Internet]. [cited 2023 Jul 21]. Available from: https://www-who-int.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/menopause.
Sajatovic M, Friedman SH, Schuermeyer IN, Safavi R, Ignacio RV, Hays RW, et al. Menopause knowledge and subjective experience among peri- and postmenopausal women with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and major depression. J Nerv Ment Dis [Internet]. 2006 [cited 2023 Jul 22];194:173–8. Available from: https://journals-lww-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/jonmd/Fulltext/2006/03000/Menopause_Knowledge_and_Subjective_Experience.5.aspx.
Friedman SH, Sajatovic M, Schuermeyer IN, Safavi R, Hays RW, West J, et al. Menopause-related quality of life in chronically mentally ill women. Int J Psychiatry Med [Internet]. 2005 [cited 2023 Jul 22];35:259–71. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/16480241/.
Brzezinski A, Brzezinski-Sinai NA, Seeman M V. Treating schizophrenia during menopause. Menopause [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Jul 22];24:582–8. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/27824682/.
• Sommer IE, Brand BA, Gangadin S, Tanskanen A, Tiihonen J, Taipale H. Women with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders after menopause: a vulnerable group for relapse. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2023 [cited 2023 Jul 22];49:136–43. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbac139. This population-based Finnish study found that starting at age 45, women with schizophrenia have an increase in hospitalization and decrease in antipsychotic effectiveness.
Culbert KM, Thakkar KN, Klump KL. Risk for midlife psychosis in women: critical gaps and opportunities in exploring perimenopause and ovarian hormones as mechanisms of risk. Psychol Med [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Jul 22];52:1612–20. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/35582864/.
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Polachek IS, Manor A, Baumfeld Y, Bagadia A, Polachek A, Strous RD, et al. Sex differences in psychiatric hospitalizations of individuals with psychotic disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2023 Jul 22];205:313–7. Available from: https://journals-lww-com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/jonmd/Fulltext/2017/04000/Sex_Differences_in_Psychiatric_Hospitalizations_of.13.aspx.
Usall J, Huerta-Ramos E, Labad J, Cobo J, Núñez C, Creus M, et al. Raloxifene as an adjunctive treatment for postmenopausal women with schizophrenia: a 24-week double-blind, randomized, parallel, placebo-controlled trial. Schizophr Bull [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jul 21];42:309–17. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/26591005/.
Kulkarni J, Gavrilidis E, Gwini SM, Worsley R, Grigg J, Warren A, et al. Effect of adjunctive raloxifene therapy on severity of refractory schizophrenia in women: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Jul 22];73:947–54. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27438995/.
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Gurvich C, Hudaib A, Gavrilidis E, Worsley R, Thomas N, Kulkarni J. Raloxifene as a treatment for cognition in women with schizophrenia: the influence of menopause status. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;100:113–9.
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De Hert M, Detraux J, Stubbs B. Relationship between antipsychotic medication, serum prolactin levels and osteoporosis/osteoporotic fractures in patients with schizophrenia: a critical literature review. Expert Opin Drug Saf [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2023 Sep 18];15:809–23. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/26986209/.
Taipale H, Solmi M, Lähteenvuo M, Tanskanen A, Correll CU, Tiihonen J. Antipsychotic use and risk of breast cancer in women with schizophrenia: a nationwide nested case-control study in Finland. Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Sep 18];8:883–91. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/34474013/.
Rahman T, Sahrmann JM, Olsen MA, Nickel KB, Miller JP, Ma C, et al. Risk of breast cancer with prolactin elevating antipsychotic drugs: an observational study of US women (ages 18–64 years). J Clin Psychopharmacol [Internet]. 2022 [cited 2023 Sep 18];42:7–16. Available from: https://pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/34864772/.
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