Aboud, F. E., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2019). Scaling up child psychosocial stimulation programmes for young children. The Lancet. Global Health, 7(3), e294–e295. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30018-X

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ahmed, A. H., & Roumani, A. M. (2020). Breastfeeding monitoring improves maternal self-efficacy and satisfaction MCN. The American Journal of Maternal Child Nursing, 45(6), 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMC.0000000000000658

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Amissah, E. A., Kancherla, V., Ko, Y. A., & Li, R. (2017). Validation study of maternal recall on breastfeeding duration 6 years after childbirth. Journal of Human Lactation: Official Journal of International Lactation Consultant Association, 33(2), 390–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890334417691506

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Anderson, J. W., Johnstone, B. M., & Remley, D. T. (1999). Breast-feeding and cognitive development: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70(4), 525–535. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/70.4.525

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bar, S., Milanaik, R., & Adesman, A. (2016). Long-term neurodevelopmental benefits of breastfeeding. Current Opinion in Pediatrics, 28(4), 559–566. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOP.0000000000000389

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Belfort, M. B., Anderson, P. J., Nowak, V. A., Lee, K. J., Molesworth, C., Thompson, D. K., Doyle, L. W., & Inder, T. E. (2016). Breast milk feeding, brain development, and neurocognitive outcomes: A 7-year longitudinal study in infants born at less than 30 weeks’ gestation. The Journal of Pediatrics, 177, 133-139.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.06.045

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Binns, C., Lee, M., & Low, W. Y. (2016). The long-term public health benefits of breastfeeding. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 28(1), 7–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/1010539515624964

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Black, M. M., Walker, S. P., Fernald, L., Andersen, C. T., DiGirolamo, A. M., Lu, C., McCoy, D. C., Fink, G., Shawar, Y. R., Shiffman, J., Devercelli, A. E., Wodon, Q. T., Vargas-Barón, E., Grantham-McGregor, S., & Committee, L. E. C. D. S. S. (2017). Early childhood development coming of age: Science through the life course. Lancet (london, England), 389(10064), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31389-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonthrone, A. F., Chew, A., Kelly, C. J., Almedom, L., Simpson, J., Victor, S., Edwards, A. D., Rutherford, M. A., Nosarti, C., & Counsell, S. J. (2021). Cognitive function in toddlers with congenital heart disease: The impact of a stimulating home environment. Infancy the Official Journal of the International Society on Infant Studies, 26(1), 184–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/infa.12376

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boutwell, B. B., Young, J., & Meldrum, R. C. (2018). On the positive relationship between breastfeeding & intelligence. Developmental Psychology, 54(8), 1426–1433. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000537

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Daelmans, B., Darmstadt, G. L., Lombardi, J., Black, M. M., Britto, P. R., Lye, S., Dua, T., Bhutta, Z. A., Richter, L. M., & Committee, L. E. C. D. S. S. (2017). Early childhood development: The foundation of sustainable development. Lancet (london, England), 389(10064), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31659-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Der, G., Batty, G. D., & Deary, I. J. (2006). Effect of breast feeding on intelligence in children: Prospective study, sibling pairs analysis, and meta-analysis. BMJ (clinical Research Ed.), 333(7575), 945. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.38978.699583.55

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dreyer, B. P., Mendelsohn, A. L., & Tamis-LeMonda, C. S. (1996). Assessing the child’s cognitive home environment through parental report: Reliability and validity. Early Development & Parenting, 5(4), 271–287. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0917(199612)5:4%3c271::AID-EDP138%3e3.0.CO;2-D

Article  Google Scholar 

Edwards, R. C., Thullen, M. J., Henson, L. G., Lee, H., & Hans, S. L. (2015). The association of breastfeeding initiation with sensitivity, cognitive stimulation, and efficacy among young mothers: A propensity score matching approach. Breastfeeding Medicine: THe Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 10(1), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2014.0123

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Else-Quest, N. M., Hyde, J. S., & Clark, R. (2003). Breastfeeding, bonding, and the mother–infant relationship. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 49(4), 495–517. https://doi.org/10.1353/mpq.2003.0020

Article  Google Scholar 

Eriksen, H. L., Kesmodel, U. S., Underbjerg, M., Kilburn, T. R., Bertrand, J., & Mortensen, E. L. (2013). Predictors of intelligence at the age of 5: Family, pregnancy and birth characteristics, postnatal influences, and postnatal growth. PLoS ONE, 8(11), e79200.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hamadani, J. D., Mehrin, S. F., Tofail, F., Hasan, M. I., Huda, S. N., Baker-Henningham, H., Ridout, D., & Grantham-McGregor, S. (2019). Integrating an early childhood development programme into Bangladeshi primary health-care services: An open-label, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. Global Health, 7(3), e366–e375. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30535-7

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holme, A., MacArthur, C., & Lancashire, R. (2010). The effects of breastfeeding on cognitive and neurological development of children at 9 years. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36(4), 583–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01068.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horta, B. L., Loret de Mola, C., & Victora, C. G. (2015). Breastfeeding and intelligence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica (oslo, Norway: 1992), 104(467), 14–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13139

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hurt, L., Paranjothy, S., Lucas, P. J., Watson, D., Mann, M., Griffiths, L. J., Ginja, S., Paljarvi, T., Williams, J., Bellis, M. A., & Lingam, R. (2018). Interventions that enhance health services for parents and infants to improve child development and social and emotional well-being in high-income countries: A systematic review. British Medical Journal Open, 8(2), e014899. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014899

Article  Google Scholar 

Isaacs, E. B., Fischl, B. R., Quinn, B. T., Chong, W. K., Gadian, D. G., & Lucas, A. (2010). Impact of breast milk on intelligence quotient, brain size, and white matter development. Pediatric Research, 67(4), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1203/PDR.0b013e3181d026da

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keim, S. A., Sullivan, J. A., Sheppard, K., Smith, K., Ingol, T., Boone, K. M., Malloy-McCoy, A., & Oza-Frank, R. (2021). Feeding infants at the breast or feeding expressed human milk: Long-term cognitive, executive function, and eating behavior outcomes at age 6 years. The Journal of Pediatrics, 233, 66-73.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.02.025

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Koh, K. (2017). Maternal breastfeeding and children’s cognitive development. Social Science & Medicine, 1982(187), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.012

Article  Google Scholar 

Kramer, M. S., Aboud, F., Mironova, E., Vanilovich, I., Platt, R. W., Matush, L., Igumnov, S., Fombonne, E., Bogdanovich, N., Ducruet, T., Collet, J. P., Chalmers, B., Hodnett, E., Davidovsky, S., Skugarevsky, O., Trofimovich, O., Kozlova, L., Shapiro, S., Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT) Study Group. (2008). Breastfeeding and child cognitive development: New evidence from a large randomized trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 65(5), 578–584. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.65.5.578

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Larson, L. M., Martorell, R., & Bauer, P. J. (2018). A path analysis of nutrition, stimulation, and child development among young children in Bihar, India. Child Development, 89(5), 1871–1886. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13057

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Malhi, P., Menon, J., Bharti, B., & Sidhu, M. (2018). Cognitive development of toddlers: Does parental stimulation matter? Indian Journal of Pediatrics, 85(7), 498–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-018-2613-4

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pang, W. W., Tan, P. T., Cai, S., Fok, D., Chua, M. C., Lim, S. B., Shek, L. P., Chan, S. Y., Tan, K. H., Yap, F., Gluckman, P. D., Godfrey, K. M., Meaney, M. J., Broekman, B., Kramer, M. S., Chong, Y. S., & Rifkin-Graboi, A. (2020). Nutrients or nursing? Understanding how breast milk feeding affects child cognition. European Journal of Nutrition, 59(2), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01929-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Papp, L. M. (2014). Longitudinal associations between breastfeeding and observed mother–child interaction qualities in early childhood. Child Care, Health and Development, 40(5), 740–746. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.12106

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peñacoba, C., & Catala, P. (2019). Associations between breastfeeding and mother–infant relationships: A systematic review. Breastfeeding Medicine: THe Official Journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine, 14(9), 616–629. https://doi.org/10.1089/bfm.2019.0106

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Phatak, P. (1997). Manual for using Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII): Based on Revised Baroda Norms. Anand Agencies.

Plunkett, B. A., Mele, L., Casey, B. M., Varner, M. W., Sorokin, Y., Reddy, U. M., Wapner, R. J., Thorp, J. M., Jr., Saade, G. R., Tita, A., Rouse, D. J., Sibai, B., Mercer, B. M., Tolosa, J. E., Caritis, S. N., Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. (2021). Association of breastfeeding and child IQ score at age 5 years. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 137(4), 561–570. https://doi.org/10.1097/AOG.0000000000004314

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rochat, T. J., Houle, B., Stein, A., Coovadia, H., Coutsoudis, A., Desmond, C., Newell, M. L., & Bland, R. M. (2016). Exclusive breastfeeding and cognition, executive function, and behavioural disorders in primary school-aged children in rural South Africa: A cohort analysis. PLoS Medicine, 13(6), e1002044. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002044

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sankar, M. J., Sinha, B., Chowdhury, R., Bhandari, N., Taneja, S., Martines, J., & Bahl, R. (2015). Optimal breastfeeding practices and infant and child mortality: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatrica (oslo, Norway: 1992), 104(467), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13147

Article  Google Scholar 

Smith, J. A., Baker-Henningham, H., Brentani, A., Mugweni, R., & Walker, S. P. (2018). Implementation of reach up early childhood parenting program: Acceptability, appropriateness, and feasibility in Brazil and Zimbabwe. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1419(1), 120–140. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13678

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strøm, M., Mortensen, E. L., Kesmodel, U. S., Halldorsson, T., Olsen, J., & Olsen, S. F. (2019). Is breast feeding associated with offspring IQ at age 5? Findings from prospective cohort: Lifestyle During Pregnancy Study. British Medical Journal Open, 9(5), e023134. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023134